Silent Victims Discussing The Effects Of Domestic...

Silent Victims: Discussing the Effects of Domestic Violence When most people think of Domestic Violence (DV), they envision an ethnic person, battered with bruises. Many forget that DV can occur in many forms and has many faces. Not only does it cross all cultural, religious and socioeconomic boundaries, but it also is committed in many forms, some of which do not leave external bruises. The stigma surrounding DV often prevents the victims from speaking up, allowing, sexual, mental, emotional and physical abuse to occur, often in the presence of children, creating long lasting effects on the household and in our communities. Despite the fact that many women suffer daily through the pain and humiliation of DV, while it is either well known or suspected by their neighbors, few speak up. Dating back to the medieval time period, husbands have been allowed, and even encouraged, to physically â€Å"correct† their wives at their discretion to maintain peace and order in their household. Although systematic abuse was not within the limits of the law, proving it was almost impossible. Even if a woman was brave enough to bring charges against her husband, the local magistrates often sided with the husband and his witnesses. In the rare case an abused wife actually prevailed, as in the case of Alice Dey, fines and sentences were minimal. In 1383, the local constable received a report that Alice’s husband, Thomas, had â€Å"beaten and drawn blood† from his wife. Thomas was fined three pence andShow MoreRelatedThe History of Domestic Violence1784 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence started back in the days of Roman Empire however, it was not recognised in Australia as a crime until the early 70’s, Davidson, (1977 cited in Edleson, 1999 ). Furthermore, children who witness this crime are only now beginning to be recognised as victims. These victims and the long term effects of witnessing physical abuse in their home on a regular basis is only new territory that statistics are being done, in comparison with adult victims. Domestic abuse is someoneRead MoreChildren Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesAfter many studies researchers have confirmed that when children are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) it significantly effects their social emotional development (Hughes Chau, 2013; Herman-Smith, 2013). This raises a concern; if IPV was to be measured emotional abuse should children be removed from their families. If we consider that the majority of children that witness IPV are under six and would not be able to fully understand what is happening we can conclude that they would not beRead More`` The Hunting Ground `` : Sexual Assaults On College Campuses Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesassault has on the survivor as well as their families. Additionally, the film presents how institutions cover it up and/or present a penalty that is not fit for the crime. The specific trauma that has effected the survivors in the film is domestic violence and sexual trauma. The trauma from all of the survivors is very severe. It includes: Andrea, a Cuban America, who was a student at University of North Carolina (UNC) was sexually assaulted at an on-campus party. She recalls her head being bangedRead MoreThe Lifelong Affects and Consequences of Domestic Violence3981 Words   |  16 PagesThe Lifelong Affects and Consequences of Domestic Violence Anderson University Liberal Studies 495: Senior Seminar in Liberal Studies Instructor: Rob Lever Samuel Crosby II November 27th, 2011 Abstract Domestic Violence has been proven to have an unhealthy impact on the victims exposed to the violence. Most people do not realize the scope of the potential adverse affects that domestic violence has on adult victims, pregnant victims, children and adolescents that are exposed to the typeRead MoreFamily Violence: An International Perspective Essay2101 Words   |  9 Pagesevery country in the world has been touched in some way by family violence. A vast number of women and children are subjected each day to violence within their family homes, the setting where they should feel the safest. Family violence crosses the boundaries of sex, age, social class, education, and race (1). Statistics show that approximately 1 in 3 women worldwide will be affected by family violence within her lifetime (1). Violence has a major impact on ones physical, social and mental well-beingRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 PagesDomestic violence: Moving On A Qualitative Investigation Exploring How women Move On From Violent Relationships Researcher: Carole Le Darcy Supervisor: Dr Sue Becker Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest thanks and gratitude to all of the exceptionally strong women that participated in this research that have freely given not only some of their precious and valuable time but have also revealed that which is sadly all too often concealed; the remarkable, courageous and oftenRead MoreHuman Trafficking: It Happens Here, Its Happening Now3206 Words   |  13 Pagesher family but this work came with the benefit of education and learning English. Marias parents allowed her to go; they trusted Sandra because she herself was Mexican born. When Maria arrived she entered this horrendous nightmare. Sandra used violence to squeeze every ounce of work Maria â€Å"needed† to finish. If Sandra felt that Maria wasn’t working fast or hard enough she would blast pepper spray into her eyes. When Maria wasn’t working Sandra chained her to a pole in the backyard without foodRead MoreHow Effective Is Terrorism Is For Achieving Its Political Objectives3701 Words   |  15 Pageshave all been the victims. Terrorism has become a key organising principal for domestic and international politics shaped by developed organisations and tactics through into the contemporary world. Terrorism is said to be politically motivated when the innocent public has been targeted for someone else’s gain (Terrorism Definition, 2015). Anyone may define terrorism in his or her own way depending on what feature of terrorism is emphasised in the definition usually where violence being the face ofRead MoreQuestions On The Rights Law Essay6983 Words   |  28 Pagesaccess to adequate housing resources.† The CESCR lists the disadvantaged to include inter alia, â€Å"elderly, children, the physically disabled, the terminally ill, HIV-positive individuals, persons with persistent medical problems, the mentally ill, victims of natural disasters and persons living in disaster-prone areas.† The CESCR further guides that increase in access to land by landless and/or impoverished segments of the society should constitute a central legal policy for states who face such problemsRead More Female Genital Mutilation: A Gross Violation of Human Rights4218 Words   |  17 Pagesof the clitoris, leaving a slit in which women are given limited physical ability to excrete fluids and increases danger during childbirth for both the mother and the child in question. The latter example of FGM has been known to have severe side effects that can result in difficulty in childbirth, bleeding, trauma, infection and at length, death. In the documentary, â€Å"Half the Sky† many of the issues that arise during childbirth in countries like Ethiopia and Somaliland stem from the poor economy

The Fight For Justice Marks A Long Sequence Of Events...

One of the biggest problems Africans Americans faced in America is Segregation, discrimination, racism and prejudice. Their fight for justice marks a long sequence of events towards their freedom. Race according to the New Webster’s Dictionary is a division of mankind based on skin color, hair texture, facial makeup etc in a group or class. Racism can be traced back to the beginning of history. It has went beyond individual discrimination and stretched as far as institutional racism and linguistic profiling. Institutional racism occurs when racism is supported by governmental policies and laws. Linguistic profiling has not yet been recognized as a form of racial discrimination however, cases such as Johnson v. Jensen have been bought to†¦show more content†¦Perhaps, the lady suggested that I was from England. I assumed this because when I spoke to her over the phone she expressed that I needed to bring my documents that will allow me to begin my paper work to start wo rk as soon as possible. The phone interview went well and she told me that I would be hired. When I showed up with my documents, well dressed and ready to start this new job I was told upon meeting her that the position was taken. This incident is similar to that of James Johnson because he was perceived to be of another race because of the way he spoke. When facing the person who made this perception, and them realizing that their assumption was wrong, something changed. In my case I was not hired and was too young to know that this could have been a form of discrimination. In Mr. Johnson experience he knew what went wrong and he bought the case to court. On the other hand, author Michael Brand points out the defendant’s argument stating that they had no idea Johnson was black (Walters K., Brody M., 2005 Pg. 294). â€Å"Having only heard Johnson’s voice, they couldn’t have discriminated against him on the basis of his race. Race, after all, is something one sees, not hears† (Walters K., Brody M. Pg 294). Although, not allowing Mr. Johnson to rent the apartment and the reason as to why the supervisor in the supermarket did not hire me, the situation felt questionable,. I was hired on the phone but whenShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Justice Marks A Long Sequence Of Events Towards Their Freedom1201 Words   |  5 Pages Some of the biggest problems Africans Americans faced in America are segregation, discrimination, racism and prejudice. Their fight for justice marks a long sequence of events towards their freedom. Race according to the New Webster’s Dictionary is a division of mankind based on skin color, hair texture, facial make-up etc in a group or class. Racism can be traced back to the beginning of history. It has gone beyond individual discrimination and stretched as far as institutional racism and linguisticRead MoreEssay on Mateship in Australian Films5134 Words   |  21 PagesMateship in Australian Films Mateship has long been a major aspect of the national image as projected by Australian films, yet the moralities of mateship and the image of men as mates did not go unchallenged. Australian cinema as a significant part of the whole industry of image-makers in the country, the way it portrays mateship, the single most important mythic element in the cultural identity of Australia, is worth analysing. This paper first reviews the historicalRead MoreWitness by Peter Weir Notes12043 Words   |  49 PagesThemestolerance; good and evil; isolation; nature of love; conflict; traditionalism; individuality; tradition; reality amp; appearance; violence amp; nonviolence, justice, freedom amp; commitment. Camera angles: * High anglestaken from above to make a character look small, lost, inferior * Low anglestaken from underneath the character looking up towards them to make them look imposing, superior or threatening * Point of view shotA shot made from the camera position close to the line of sight of oneRead MoreMilitary Culture6972 Words   |  28 Pagesfactors. National psyche and traits being the most pronounced ones. Military culture , to a certain extent , is in harmony with the national culture, however, it has its own impulses and dynamics. It incorporates obedience that curtails individual freedom or at times it may be at tangent with the socio-cultural values of a society ; Military culture of British – Indian Army ,as inherited by us is a case in point here. Philosophy of our present military outlets draws strength from history , organisationalRead MoreElements of Postmodernism in Ishmael Reeds Mumbo Jumbo, Don Delillos White Noise, Toni Morrisons Beloved and Thomas Pynchons the Crying of Lot 496348 Words   |  26 Pagesintricately woven, postmodern novels string together a never-ending web of connections that ultimately frustrate any attempt to draw definite conclusions. In Don DeLillos White Noise, Jack Gladney, the narrator, constantly connects seemingly random events, dates, and facts in an attempt to form a cohesive understanding of his world. Behind that attempt lies a deep-seated need to find meaning in a media-obsessed age driven by images, appearances, and rampant material consumption. Beloved engages theRead MoreIf Inequality Is Increasing, Are We Likely to See More Armed Conflict?4618 Words   |  19 Pagesdistinct constellations and levels of inequality to conform to the simple linear relationship suggested in the title? Besanà §on’s (2005) findings that different socio-political set-ups have differing results with regards to conflict are but one hint towards greater complexity. As a result, she associates herself with academics suggesting that causes for all types of civil wars and armed conflict are not necessarily parallel. Instead, she argues, a micro-analysis of specific cases might prove more fruitfulRead MoreHindi Nibandh on Advantages of Mobile and Disadvantage17790 Words   |  72 Pagesheavy industrialization funded and directed by the governments. The 1950s were certainly not propitious times for free marketers in India. But from time to time their ideas were revived. After the rupee was devalued in 1966, there were some moves towards freeing the trade regime, and hopes that the licensing system would also be liberalized. However, after Indira Gandhi split the Congress Party in 1969, her government took its ‘left turn’, nationalizing a fresh range of industries and returning toRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageschased and teased him about the second hand clothes and cast-off womens shoes that he wore. Langston spent many hours sitting on a stool beside his grandmother, who read him stories from the Bible or from his favorite book, Grimms Fairy Tales. Her long wavy hair had very little gray in it, and in her ears she wore the small gold earrings Langstons grandfather left her. Her lips were thin, and her skin, wrinkled like an Indian squaws, was a lighter shade of brown than Langstons. Carrie HughesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesNational Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The GenderingRead MoreStudy Guide9234 Words   |  37 Pagesability to see the relationship between individual experiences and society at large, as well as the ability to distinguish between personal troubles and social issues.History focuses on the uniqueness of events, whereas sociology focuses on commonalities. In examining history, we can see how events affected society and how an individual’s personal biography may be part of a much larger picture. For example, a college student experiences her individual stress and turmoil as personal, but when sociologists

Business Law Fraudulent Misrepresentation

Questions: 1.What are the key areas of business law that are relevant in these facts?2.Who can take legal action and what remedies could be given by a court? Answers: 1. Issue It is of particular significance to note from the outset that Bill aged 15 has entered into a contract together with his sister who is aged 22. The issue that arises for determination here is the capacity of Bill to enter into contract. On the hand the seller of the caf dishonestly made untrue assertions that the cafes weekly takings are $10,000. The issue that begs an interpretive determination here is whether the statements amounted to a fraudulent misrepresentation. Law It is a general principle in law that for a contract to be enforceable and binding, the parties the must be of the requisite capacity. It has been held that contract that are entered to by minors are void unless they a contracts of necessity (Nash v Inman 1908). The Minors (Property and Contracts) act recognizes that minors are persons below the age of 18 and any contract with them is void (Minors (Property and Contracts) Act 1970 (NSW) s46 (1)). A misrepresentation is an untrue statement that induces the other party to enter into contract which has the effects of vitiating the contract. It is thus submitted that for a misrepresentation to be actionable there are various elements that must be met for the action to be successful. Firstly, one of the parties must have made a false assertion of fact. It has been held that if a statement is substantially correct then it does not amount to an untrue statement (Avon Insurance plc. v. Swire Fraser Ltd, 2000). It is worth noting that the statement must be a clear untrue statement that does not bring about any ambiguity (Bisset v Wilkinson, 1927). Secondly, the misrepresentation must be made by a party to the contract or an agent representing the party to the contract. Thirdly, the other party must rely on the untrue statement to the effect that the untrue statement will influence his or her judgment to enter into the contract. However, a misrepresentation will not be actionable if it did not affect the judgment of the other party expected to sign the contract (Smith v. Chadwick, 1884). Application It is submitted that the contract with Dodgy Pty. Ltd. is void because Bill had not reached the age of majority as required by Law. In addition when the law of misrepresentation is applied in this case it becomes undeniably true that Dodgy Pty. Ltd. made untrue assertions that affected the judgment of the two siblings. Dodgy Pty. Ltd. was aware that the statements were actually false but still they fraudulently induced Bill and Jill into singing the contract. It thus advised to Bill and Jill that the contract is void and furthermore an action for misrepresentation will be successful and they will be entitled to the remedy of damages and rescission of the contract. Essentially, the two key business Law areas that affect this case are Capacity in contract law and Misrepresentation of facts in contract law too. 2. Issue Hugh runs a Pizza business and has since decided to replace his recipe to what he refers to as the latest recipe. Unfortunately most of the customers who have bought and eaten the pizza fall sick. The issue of determination here circumnavigates within the product liability which invites an action for negligence in tort. Law Key Areas of Business Law that are Relevant Product liability entails a claimant bringing a claim against a manufacturer or a maker of product for a defect in the product that has cause harm to the user. The overarching rule entrenched here is the law of negligence which is to the effect that one should reasonably foresee acts or omissions that are like to cause harm to a neighbor (Donoghue v. Stevenson, 1932). Ideally, Lording Artkin in the foregoing case defines a neighbor as persons who are likely to be affected by ones act or omissions and should therefore be put in their contemplation. Who can take Legal Action The person to bring an action must be one who can prove the legal positions that have been identified in part (i) above. It is of interest to note that for a negligence claim to succeed there are three essential elements that must be unassailably proved to the court by the claimant for the action to succeed (Grant v Australian Knitting Mills, 1936). Firstly and most importantly the claimant must establish that the manufacturing company owed them a duty of care. The litmus for determining the duty of care has since been sufficiently settled in Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990) where the court firmly stated that for duty of care to exist a three stage test must be met. The harm or injury that visited the claimant as a result of the act or omissions of the defendant must be one that is on the face of it reasonably foreseeable (Kent v Griffiths, 2000). A relationship of proximity must exist between the claimant and the defendant for duty of care to be deemed to exist (Home Office v Dorset Yacht Club, 1970). It is indispensible that the claimant proves that as a result of the breach the duty the defendant suffered harm. A Causal link must be established showing that the defendant actually caused harm to the claimant.1t is now a settled position that section 5c of the civil liability act 2002 borrows the idea inherent in it from the common law test, the But for Test (Adeels Palace Pty Ltd v Mubarak Bou Najem, 2009). The aforementioned test was correctly applied in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital (1968) where the court stated that if the defendant shows that the harm would have occur but for the negligent omissions then a causal link will not be established between the harm and act of the defendant. It is interesting to note that the locus standi in product liability claims has been extended to also include regulators who must have consent from the injured parties. Essentially, this implies that the regulators can also sue on behalf the users who have been harmed by the defective products. What Remedies could be Given by a Court Notably, the claimant in a negligence action has a breadth of options as remedies that will available upon a succefull claim. The claimant may seek damages which is a common law remedy that seeks to put the claimant in the position they were before the tort occurred. Damages in an action fro negligence are categorized into two. Special damages are awarded for any economic loss that the claimant has suffered. This may include the medical expenses that the claimant incurred because of the harm caused by consuming the defendants product and loss if earnings that is occasioned by the defendants incapacity to conduct his activities that fetch him an income. General damages are also common damages awarded to the claimant by the court. They are damages that awarded for the pain and suffering that has visited the claimant and the emotional distress he has had to endure because of the harm caused by the defendant. Application It is thus submitted that Hugh ought to reasonably foresee that his acts omissions in the business could likely affect the consumers of his product. From the application of the principles of law stated above it can be rightfully said that the consumers of the pizza can rightfully bring a legal claim of negligence because Hugh owed them a duty of care and he breached that duty of care. The relationship of proximity here is raised because the people who have fallen sick because of consuming the pizza are his clients. In this sense, liability will attach to the omissions by Hugh because a causal link can be established and it undeniably proves that he caused the injury to his clients because they consumed pizzas that he prepares. It should also be noted that apart from the direct consumers of the product, the people who have been harmed can make a joinder claim through regulators who seek to protect consumer but consent from the people who have ben harmed must first be sought. The special damages in this case will be awarded where those people who were harmed by the pizzas have incurred medical expenses. To those who had to be admitted in hospital or stay at home until recovery, if they can prove that they have lost considerable amount of earnings because they were incapacitated to work , will also be awarded special damages. Because of the pain, suffering and emotional distress that they could have suffered they can also be awarded general damages. References Adeels Palace Pty Ltd v Moubarak Bou Najem [2009] HCA 48 Avon Insurance v Swire Fraser Ltd [2000] 1 ALL ER Comm 573 Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital (1968)3 All ER 1068 Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] AC 177 Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990) 2 AC 605 Civil Liability Act 2002(NSW) Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932) UKHL 100 Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1936) A.C. 562 Home Office v Dorset Yacht Club (1970) AC 1004 Kent v Griffiths (2000)2 WLR 1158 Minors (Property and Contracts) Act 1970 (NSW) Nash v. Inman [1908] 2 KB 1 Smith v Chadwick (1884) 9 App Cas 187

Evidence Informed Health Practice

Question: Discuss about the Evidence Informed Health Practice. Answer: Introduction: Which one is greater among maintenance phase in women participating in physical exercise, perceived barriers or perceived benefits? The null hypothesis states that the perceived benefits were lower and perceived barriers were greater in women with more extensive and successful PA participation experience. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in perceived benefits and barriers in relation to physical activity between pre-maintenance women and the maintenance phase to determine whether perceived benefit or perceived barrier is greater in women who experience PA participation. In this experiment benefits are the dependent variable since the barriers changes with time and external environment such as affect of the society, economic status and diet. Therefore, barriers are the independent variables. The benefits are the independent variables since these cannot be changed with time or any other factors. The study design was qualitative since it was based on the descriptive data. The two advantages of the study are firstly, it could be identified from the study that the African-American women have understood the barriers and benefits of physical activity. Secondly, the study promotes the benefits of physical activity rather than barriers. The participants were 113 African-American women who participated for this study. Participants were recruited from the community and supported by Sisters in Motion. The conventional sampling strategy has been used in this study. 50 % of the population in the pre-maintenance group is in college and 59% in the maintenance group are college graduate. (50+59)/ (100+100) = 109/200= 0.545 Therefore, 54.5% of the population is college graduate. The overall mean age of the participants in this study was found to be 51.3 years. This mean was calculated by statistical analysis and the analysis of data was conducted by means IBM SPAA version 18. In addition chi-square and t-tests were also used. The point at which the authors reported that overall, the participants of the study had a mean age of 51.3 years, SD of 14.2 years involved the stages of change, and the participants regarding their stages of change with respect to PA behavior had indicated it. SD= 14.2 signifies a standard deviation of 14.2 indicating the descriptive statistics of the participants of this study. Assuming the normal distribution of age, the range of age for the approximately 68% of the participants of the study was 51.3 years. Information Variable type Marital status Nominal variable Educational level Ordinal variable Employment status Ordinal variable Current physical health Continuous variable It has been reported by the authors that women in the maintenance group were significantly less likely to smoke. The findings of the authors can be justified with the descriptive statistics and p-value in the way that the study has examined the perceived benefits and barriers associated with the PA behaviour. Yes, the two groups consisting of the pre-maintenance groups were not similar in terms of their marital status. It is known through the process of data analysis by using IBM SPSS version 8, tests and chi-square tests. Yes, the two groups (pre-maintenance and maintenance) are significantly different in terms of stating lack of access to gym as a barrier to physical activity. This is evident from the table in which the comparison of the participants consisting of the two groups (pre-maintenance and maintenance) with respect to the changes in the of physical activity behaviour. The results did not change after 13 smokers were removed from the database since the statistical significance for all the comparisons have not changed. In Table 1, the values 52.2 (15.7) represent the smoking status of the maintenance group. Yes, the two groups are statistically different in terms of perceiving unsafe environment as a barrier to physical activity since the p-value of the pre-maintenance group was found to be 79 and for maintenance group it was 74. In this study, the investigation of the the potential differences in perceived benefits in barriers related to participation in physical activity between African-American women have been carried out. The results of the study have suggested the benefits and barriers related to physical activity behaviour has been valued as well as understood by the several African- American women. The results of this study are not in support of the common belief that effectual programming of improvements of health behavior needs to stress on the benefits and barriers associated with their behaviour. The health practitioners should think to focus on the other factors, which are evidence-based and have been proved to encourage physical activity behaviour like counseling concerning social assistance as for e.g. buddy system and enhancing the self-efficacy as for e.g. setting of a specific goal for initiating and sustaining a lifestyle which is physically active. This study has provided an evidence that f or some of the populations the perceived benefits of physical activity and the barriers to the participation in the physical activity do not fluctuate distinctly between the beginners and the experienced participants of physical activity effectively. In my opinion, the findings of this study are not reliable. Reference Scott, M. S., Oman, R. F., John, R. (2015). The Benefits and Barriers Related to Regular Participation in Physical Activity by African-American Women: Implications for Intervention Development.Open Journal of Preventive Medicine,5(04), 169.

The Long and Short of It

Delivering content that meets your target audience’s needs is not as simple as it sounds. Apart from deciding where to publish your content, there’s one fundamental question that faces every content creator: does my audience prefer long or short content? Differences Between Long-Form and Short-Form Content Long-form content is usually defined as 2,000 words or more and can include white papers, ebooks, how-to guides, case studies and video transcripts. Short-form content tends to be under 1,000 words and can include blogs, social media posts, infographics and listicles. A short, two-minute video would also fit the bill. However, these content types can all vary in length and can fall into either the short-form or long-form category. But like everything related to content, you need to first consider what you want to achieve. Short-form content can be great for quickly engaging your audience, whereas long-form content can strengthen your credibility. The key is to know your audience and have a clear set of goals tied to the point in your sales funnel the content is going to appear at. For example, if you’re selling a high-end product to customers who aren’t familiar with your company, they would likely find a long-form, highly informative product description useful. This could be very effective in converting shoppers who are considering your product. However, if your goal is to drive traffic, your best bet is likely a short, entertaining social media post that reaches a wider audience. Both short and long content have benefits and what will work best depends on your business, your products, your marketing goals and user intent. When Long-Form Content Works If your goal is higher search engine rankings for particular topics, most marketing experts agree that long-form content is the way to go since Google’s algorithm favors more in-depth articles. A SerpIQ study found that the average word count for content in the top ten of a Google search result page is over 2,000 words. Longer pieces are also more suited to evergreen content, which can be a great for driving long-term web traffic. In the inbound marketing world, HubSpot, Moz and Kissmetrics are authorities in this niche and they all produce high-quality, long-form evergreen content. So, if you want to position your brand as an authority in your niche, use long-form content that covers each topic in depth. When Short-Form Content is Best If your goal is to build awareness or your primary audience mainly views your content on mobile devices, short-form content is probably a better fit. Today, many people scan online content rather than read it fully, so short-form content can have more impact on your readers in the short term. If your brand voice is more fun than serious, short-form content is also likely to be more appropriate. While some topics require longer explanations, a fun infographic or video can help you quickly build a connection with your target audience. Start-ups stand to benefit from this kind of content because it helps to establish their brand’s identity. It’s also quicker to produce and is particularly useful when covering news or trending topics in your industry. Where to Publish Different Forms of Content Facebook Notes and LinkedIn Pulse give marketers a platform to publish long-form content to social media. Google Plus is also ideal because there are no character limits, unlike other social media platforms. It’s also worth remembering that every piece of long-form content can be split into multiple content assets. For example, you can share a statistic on Twitter, post an image on Pinterest or submit an infographic to the Infographics Showcase website. This way, you can attract different kinds of buyers through different channels. Quality Over Quantity Your decision to go long or short depends on your brand’s voice, your target audience and your marketing goals. Crucially, you should focus on delivering quality content. Don’t think you have to write 2,000 words if you can get your message across in 200. Focus on being authentic and giving people useful information. If you’re unsure, experiment with both long and short content and see which resonate most with your target audience. The truth is, people like to consume information in different ways and you’ll probably need both to reach as many customers as possible.

Socialization of self essays

Socialization of self essays American values are a tricky thing. It seems that the value set changes with each individual. "American pragmatism is actually rooted in deeply held anti-authoritarian, individualistic, egalitarian, activist ideals, which privilege personal choice, flexibility, and technical efficiency with the pursuit of success, however success is defined." (Hall, Lindholm, pg. 91) Basically, an individual's values are what that individual decides they are. The key to understanding this is realizing that above almost all else, Americans prize, value, and recognize the sacredness of being an individual. Certainly there are basic expectations of all people living in American society regardless of how the individual feels they must recognize that they exist in the U.S. with a billion "individuals." Americans seem to think " . . . that 'nice' people of good will, as all true Americans are assumed to be, ought to be able to reach a compromise and keep the social peace. Those who keep on refusing the path of compromise are castigated as trouble-makers, demagogues, and even un-American." (Lipset, pg. 44) The rules are simple. I am an individual trying to exist with lots of other individuals and we are all trying not to kill one another and still live a satisfying existence. But, how does understanding the situation affect how I choose to live? It is still up to me to decide whether or not I will steal a dress from a store, purchase it with cash, or pay for it with a credit card. What do I value most, freedom - assuming I get caught stealing the dress, outright ownership of something I can buy or willingness to owe someone for something I cannot currently afford? Unfortunately understanding that I am an individual and am responsible for creating the list of what values I w ill abide by does not make living by my values any easier. I feel as if I live my life trying to find a balance between two worlds that overlap in some ways and will nev...

KingKing and Entrepreneurship in China Assignment

KingKing and Entrepreneurship in China - Assignment Example The only major retailer the firm has targeted is Wal-Mart. KingKing could increase its revenues if it expands its portfolio of major clients to include companies such as Target, Sears, and K-Mart. The third strategy the company can use to expand its US sales is to sell directly to the customers utilizing a web store. In 2010 the size of the US e-commerce marketplace was $153 billion (Plunkett Research). 2. The acquisition of a US manufacturer is a market entry strategy that could help KingKing penetrate the US marketplace. In order to minimize cost the firm should target small to medium size candle manufacturer. In the United States there are over 1,600 candle manufacturers (Manta). Three potential acquisition targets are A&A Custom Illumntns Inc., Abby Candles Inc., and A&B Reminiscents. 3. Another way for the company to penetrate the US marketplace is by opening up its own stores in the United States. This solution is only viable if the company has sufficient variety of products to justify opening up a store. The case study does not provide sufficient information to determine if the firm has sufficient variety of products. There are very few stores in the US dedicated only to selling candles. The solution of opening up a store might not be viable.

Service Quality of Sports Centre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Service Quality of Sports Centre - Essay Example The interview focused n 5 different factors of service quality level which are tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. In order to capture how the five different factors measure up, 21 different types of questions are generated. These questions are marked using the Likert Scale. Then depending upon the relative importance of the five dimensions, the preset 21 questions are rearranged and marked and weighted accordingly. In order to produce better statistical report, the sample composition is analyzed. In order to analyze the composition of the sample, descriptive statistics like bar diagram, cross tabulation, pie charts and correlation statistics are applied (Bailey and Pearson, 2003). These tests are applied on demographic characteristics of the respondents or the fixed factors of the respondents. The next section of the analysis reflects upon the assessment of the importance of each dimension of service quality as perceived by the customers. In order to analy ze two types of tests are conducted, one is the factor analysis or the factor reduction method and the other one is the descriptive statistics analysis (Baroudi, 2003). ...The next step of analysis involves testing the various aspects of service performance. The various aspects are measured on two different ways. One involves the direct recordings on the Likert scale and the other on is the derived rating after adjusting the readings according to the relative importance or weight (Bentier and Bonett, 2008). These two types of readings are tested using the principal component analysis. In the last stage cross tabulations are done. This cross tabulation indicates the level up to which the satisfactions vary according to the characteristics of the user. 1. Sample composition The sample composition is analyzed by using cross tabs and simple pie charts, bar diagram and correlation statistics. The pie charts are used to show the composition of the male and female and the composition of th e type of people from each subject area. Fig 1: Male and female composition Source: author’s source It is evident from the diagram that the study included more number of males and the number of females. The male percentage is 75%, while the female percentage is 25%. The next analysis is the examination of the crosstabs between frequency of use and gender. Fig 2: Bar Chart Source: author’s source The users among male students show higher frequency than the users among female. There is one very important point in this analysis. The number of non users in male is significantly more than the number of users among male. Among male most of them used the sports centre twice a month, while users among females most of them used it only once.

Jane Eyre and Social Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jane Eyre and Social Class - Essay Example Since Jane Eyre was also from the lower class, she was treated brutally by many different people throughout her life. Initially, at Gateshead Hall, she is mistreated by John Reed who acclaims that the social class background of Jane Eyre gives him the right to abuse Jane Eyre. Once Jane Eyre leaves Gateshead, she expects a better life at Lowood School where she thought she would pursue her dreams, however here she is mistreated by Mr. Bocklehurst who continuously makes her realize that she is nothing but a rotten piece which deserves to be thrown. Also, when she is in love with Mr. Rochester, the social class issue again becomes a problem which stops her from marrying him. Lastly, when she arrives penniless at the door of Hannah, she is again treated like a doormat owing much to her lower social class. The novel also depicts the patriarchal patterns being dominant during the era, by portraying the male characters as being offensive towards Jane Eyre; however, Jane Eyre is a feminist who resists and continues being independent. Thus, the novel is a clear exhibition of the social issues dominant during the Victorian era. Starting with the journey of Jane Eyre in the novel, she is an orphan who lives with the family of her maternal uncle, the Reeds. Here at Gateshead Hall, she is constantly mistreated by her aunt Reed and her children. Since Jane Eyre has no money and is dependent on Mrs. Reed, she naturally inherits the right to abuse Jane Eyre emotionally as well as physically. ... "Now, I'll teach you to rummage my book-shelves: for they are mine; all the house belongs to me, or will do in a few years" (10), as quoted by Bronte, are the words of Mrs. Reed who is acclaiming that she will â€Å"teach† Jane Eyre, which indicates the offensive tone. Later, when she is abused to such an extent that she is left in a dark room where her uncle died, she suffers from trauma, after which she is allowed to attend Lowood School. Here at Lowood, she encounters Mr. Brocklehurst who is again a corrupt and brutal man. She constantly targets Jane Eyre for her lower class and tries to prove to the world how immoral and worthless Jane Eyre is. In her book, she Bronte quotes: This I learned from her benefactress; from the pious and charitable lady who adopted her in her orphan state, reared her as her own daughter, and whose kindness, whose generosity the unhappy girl repaid by an ingratitude so bad, so dreadful, that at last her excellent patroness was obliged to separate her from her own young ones..." (67). The phrase from the novel mentioned above depicts the bias of Mr. Brocklehurst as he distinguishes between Jane Eyre and Mrs. Reed based on the social class. According to him, â€Å"pious† and â€Å"charitable† are the traits associated with Reed and words such as â€Å"kindness† have been associated with her children, however adjectives such as â€Å"bad† and even â€Å"dreadful† have been used to carve out the character of Jane Eyre who is rather a source of disgust for her. Later, when Jane Eyre attempts to become independent by taking the job of a governess for Adele, a French girl, she comes across Mr. Rochester whom she falls in love with. Again, social class becomes a curse

Electromagnetic Suspension Prototype Design

Electromagnetic Suspension Prototype Design ABSTRACT Electromagnetic suspension works where two or more electromagnets of the same polarity absorb all the bumps. The main problem is making the magnets strong enough when running off a cars electrical system. This work describes techniques for the design analysis of a prototype magnetic suspension system. The viability of future high temperature super conducting magnet designs for MAGLEV has been investigated with regard to their application to active secondary suspension. It has also analysed and compared the functions and performances of the magnetic suspension system with the hydraulic, and air suspension systems. CONCLUSION The design and modelling process of a 1/5-scale flux-cancelling Maglev suspension has been described in this paper. Using approximate techniques, this design can be used to predict the analysis. With comparison to other types of suspension system, electromagnetic suspension system provides totally comfortable ride. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION As the knees are the important part of the human body because of which he can walk, run, sit and jump properly, the suspension system is a knee of a vehicle, with which the vehicle can give us a comfortable ride. The suspension system connecting a vehicle body to the wheels and its tyres allows the wheels to move in an essentially vertical direction in response to road surface irregularities, a spring temporarily stores energy, thus insulating the vehicle body from acceleration peaks. A shock absorber or damper ensures that oscillations induced by the road unevenness or aerodynamic forces (or by accelerating, braking or lateral forces), which would impair ride comfort and road holding. 1.1 Background: If all is well, the suspension dampers on a vehicle do their work quietly and without fuss. Like punctuating or acting, dampers at their best when they are not noticed. Drivers and passengers simply want the damper to be trouble free. For the designers, however, there is a satisfaction in creating a good, new damper for a racing car or rally car, and perhaps making some contribution to competition success. Less exiting but economically more important, there is also satisfaction in seeing everyday vehicle travelling safety, with comfortable occupants, at speed that could be quite impractical without good dampers. The current worldwide production of dampers is difficult to estimate with accuracy, but it is probably around 50 to 100 million units per year with retail value well in excess of one billion dollars per year. The fitting of damping devices to the vehicle suspensions followed rapidly on the heels of the arrival of the motor car itself. Since those early days, the damper has passed through a century of evaluation, the basic stages of which may be considered as: Dry friction (snubbers) Blow-off hydraulics Progressive hydraulics Adjustable (manual alternation) Adaptives (slow automatic alternation) Semi active (fast automatic alternation) The zeitgeist regarding dampers has changed considerably over the years, in roughly the following periods: Up to 1910, dampers were hardly used at all. In 1913, Rolls Royce actually discontinued rear dampers on a Silver Ghost, illustrating just how different the situation was in the early years. From 1910 to 1925, mostly dry snubbers were used. From 1925 to 1980, there was a long period of dominance by simple hydraulics, initially simply constant force blow-off, then a proportional characteristics, then adjustables, leading to mature product. From 1980 to 1985, there was excitement about the possibilities for the active suspension, which could effectively eliminate the ordinary dampers. From 1985, it became increasingly apparent that good deal benefit of active suspension could be obtain much more cheaply by fast auto-adjusting dampers, and the damper suddenly became an interesting, developing component again. Damper types which are explained fully later can be initially classified in two ways: Dry friction with solid elements. Hydraulic with fluid elements. In 1966 Danby and Powell proposed an EDS system for high-speed transportation using super conducting magnets with a null flux suspension. Other designs were later proposed using continues sheet guide ways. Subsequent researchers in the U.S., Japan, Germany, UK and Canada have developed further innovations (such as ladder type guide way for increased lift efficiency), but there are still a number of technical problems that needed resolution. 1.2 Current Details Of Electromagnetic Suspension (Maglev): There are three primary types of Maglev technologies: superconducting magnets ( electrodynamic suspension) feedback controlled electromagnets ( electromagnetic suspension) Newer potentially more economical system using permanent magnets Inductract. The several approaches and designs have been produced by Japan and Germany. These two countries are very active in maglev research. The design used for trains in which the train levitate by the repulsive force of the same poles of the magnets. A linear motor is used to propel the trainor on the locomotive or both. In this system massive electricalinduction coils produce the magnetic field which are placed along the tracknecessary to propelthe train, leading some to speculate that the cost of constructing such tracks would be enormous. Magnetic bearings are unstable because ofEarnshaws theorem; Conventional maglev systems are stabilized with electromagnets that have electronic stabilization. The electromagnets and electronics tend to be large, power-hungry, and expensive. To levitate the train a very strong magnetic field is required but large electromagnet is also a big issue for the design, so instead of using the large magnets, superconductor for an efficient electromagnet. Inductrack is a new and less expensive system. The system depends on the current induced in the passive electromagnetic array by permanent magnets, so that it provides the better load carrying capacity related to the speed. In the prototype, thepermanent magnetsare in a cart; horizontally to provide lift, and vertically to provide stability. The array of wire loops is in the track. The magnets and cart are unpowered, except for the speed of the cart. Inductrack was originally developed as a magnetic motor and bearing for a flywheel to store power. With only slight design changes, the bearings were unrolled into a linear track. Inductrack was developed by physicist William Post atLawrence Livermore National Laboratory. For stabilization Inductrack uses Halbach arrays. The function of the Halbach arrays is to stabilize the loops of wires with the help of permanent magnets without electronic stabilization. Halbach arrays were originally developed for beam guidance ofparticle accelerators. Currently, some space agencies, such as NASA, are researching the use of maglev systems to launchspacecraft. In order to do so, the space agency would have to get a maglev-launched spacecraft up toescape velocity, a task which would otherwise require elaborate timing of magnetic pulses or a very fast, very powerfulelectric current. 1.3 Aims and Objectives: Aim: To design and analyse a prototype Magnetic Suspension System. Objectives: Literature Review Research the principles of the various types of suspension systems and analysing their functions and performances. Investigate the application of the magnetic suspension system. Design a prototype Magnetic Suspension System. Analyse the designed Magnetic Suspension System. Compare with the other type of Suspension Systems. Conclusion. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Principle: The basic principle is to develop a contact less spring; the instability will be corrected with electromagnetic actuators. Electromagnetic suspension works where two or more electromagnets of the same polarity absorb all the bumps. The main problem is making the magnets strong enough when running off a cars electrical system. Electrodynamics magnetic suspension called EDS maglev and referred to as repulsive Maglev because it relies on repulsive magnetic Forces, has the capability of allowing high speed transportation with a relatively large gap between the vehicle and guide way . 2.2 Basic Concept: Have a set of shock with magnet inside them that are used as the fork setup. There is one magnet at the top of the inner portion of the cylindrical shock sleeve with the north polarity facing down towards the ground. The second magnet sits on the top of the inner shock that pivots up and down. This magnet has the north polarity upwards so its parallel with the other magnet. The two magnet fights against each other giving the forks travel. There is also an adjustment at the top of the shock, which allow the magnet to become closer .together for a stiffer travel or further apart for softer travel. 2.3 Dynamics of the magnetic suspension system: The basic principle of a simple electromagnetic suspension system is shown in Fig.1. The magnetic force applied by the electromagnet is opposite to gravity and maintains the suspended steel ball in a levitated position. The magnetic force Fm depends on the electromagnet current I, electromagnet characteristics, and the air gap X between the steel ball and the electromagnet. The motion of the steel ball in the magnetic field is expressed as Where m is the mass of the suspended steel ball, G = mg is the gravity force, and X is the air gap between the steel ball and the electromagnet. The magnetic force Fm is a nonlinear function of the current I and the air gap X. The linearization of the static characteristic near the set point (F0 , X0 ,I0) is given as The voltage equation of the electromagnetic coil is expressed as Where U is the controlled voltage applied to the electromagnet, R is the coil resistance, and L is the inductance of the electromagnet. Inductance L=f (X, t) is a function of the air gap, the coil, the core, and the steel ball. The steady state of the operating point air gap between the mass and the electromagnet is maintained by generating the magnetic force which is adjusted so that the gravitational force of the steel ball is balanced. The small differences from the operating point are normalized over operating spaces (G, D, Imax , Umax) and they are defined as follows: Where f is the normalized resultant force, x is the normalized air gap, i is the ormalized current, and u is the normalized voltage. X0 , I0 , and U0, are the steady-state values. Substituting Eq. 4 into Eqs. 1, 2, and 3 the dynamics of the system can be presented as follows: The block diagram of the linearized model of the electromagnetic suspension system is shown in Fig. 2. The linear system described in the block diagram in Fig. 2 is unstable and controllable. 2.4THEORY OF VIBRATION: Any motion that repeats itself after an interval of time is called vibration or oscillation. The swinging of a pendulum and the motion of a plucked string are typical examples of vibration. The theory of vibration deals with the study of oscillatory motions of bodies and the forces associated with them. Free vibration without damping Simple Mass Spring Model To start the investigation of the mass-spring-damper we will assume the damping is negligible and that there is no external force applied to the mass (i.e. free vibration). The force applied to the mass by the spring is proportional to the amount the spring is stretched x (we will assume the spring is already compressed due to the weight of the mass). The proportionality constant, k, is the stiffness of the spring and has units of force/distance (e.g. lbf/in or N/m) The force generated by the mass is proportional to the acceleration of the mass as given byNewtons second law of motion. If we assume that we start the system to vibrate by stretching the spring by the distance ofAand letting go, the solution to the above equation that describes the motion of mass is: This solution says that it will oscillate withsimple harmonic motionthat has an amplitudeofAand a frequency offn.The numberfnis one of the most important quantities in vibration analysis and is called theundamped natural frequency. For the simple mass-spring system,fnis defined as: Note:Angular frequency?(? = 2pf) with the units of radians per second is often used in equations because it simplifies the equations, but is normally converted to standard frequency (units ofHzor equivalently cycles per second) when stating the frequency of a system. If you know the mass and stiffness of the system you can determine the frequency at which the system will vibrate once it is set in motion by an initial disturbance using the above stated formula. Every vibrating system has one or more natural frequencies that it will vibrate at once it is disturbed. This simple relation can be used to understand in general what will happen to a more complex system once we add mass or stiffness. For example, the above formula explains why when a car or truck is fully loaded the suspension will feel softer than unloaded because the mass has increased and therefore reduced the natural frequency of the system. What causes the system to vibrate: from conservation of energy point of view Vibrational motion could be understood in terms ofconservation of energy. In the above example we have extended the spring by a value ofxand therefore have stored somepotential energy(12kx2) in the spring. Once we let go of the spring, the spring tries to return to its un-stretched state (which is the minimum potential energy state) and in the process accelerates the mass. At the point where the spring has reached its un-stretched state all the potential energy that we supplied by stretching it has been transformed intokinetic energy(12mv2).The mass then begins to decelerate because it is now compressing the spring and in the process transferring the kinetic energy back to its potential. Thus oscillation of the spring amounts to the transferring back and forth of the kinetic energy into potential energy. In our simple model the mass will continue to oscillate forever at the same magnitude, but in a real system there is always something calleddampingthat dissipates the energy and therefore the system eventually bringing it to rest. The solution to this equation depends on the amount of damping. If the damping is small enough the system will still vibrate, but eventually, over time, will stop vibrating. This case is called underdamping this case is of most interest in vibration analysis. If we increase the damping just to the point where the system no longer oscillates we reach the point ofcritical damping(if the damping is increased past critical damping the system is called overdamped). The value that the damping coefficient needs to reach for critical damping in the mass spring damper model is: To characterize the amount of damping in a system a ratio called thedamping ratio(also known as damping factor and% critical damping) is used. This damping ratio is just a ratio of the actual damping over the amount of damping required to reach critical damping. The formula for the damping ratio (?) of the mass spring damper model is: For example, metal structures (e.g. airplane fuselage, engine crankshaft) will have damping factors less than 0.05 while automotive suspensions in the range of 0.2-0.3. The solution to the underdamped system for the mass spring damper model is the following: The value ofX, the initial magnitude, andf,thephase shift, are determined by the amount the spring is stretched. The formulas for these values can be found in the references. 2.5 HALBACH ARRAYS Another way of stabilizing the repulsive effect is to use fields that move in space, rather than just time. This effect can be demonstrated with a rotating conductive disc and a permanent magnet, which will repel each other. HALBACH CYLINDERS are well-suited to magnetic levitation of gyroscope, motor and generator spindles. They use only permanent magnets and unpowered conductors to provide levitation. The energy of suspension comes entirely from rotational motion, efficiency is good, and no extremely low temperature suspension magnets or electronics are required. The only restriction is that the linear speed at the bearing race must be above a meter per second to levitate. This is also the principle of the inductract maglev train system, which avoids the problems inherent in actively supported systems. Halbach Cylinder: A Halbach cylinder is a magnetized cylinder composed of ferromagnetic material producing (in the idealised case)a magnetic field confined entirely within the cylinder with zero field outside. The cylinders can also be magnetized such that the magnetic field is entirely outside the cylinder, with zero field inside. Several magnetization distributions are shown below: Ideally, these structures would be created from an infinite length cylinder of magnetic material with the direction of magnetization continuously varying. The magnetic flux produced by this ideal design would be perfectly uniform and be entirely confined to the bore of the cylinder. Of course, the ideal case of infinite length is not realisable and in practice the finite length of the cylinders producesend effectswhich introduce non-uniformities in the field within the bore. The difficulty of manufacturing a cylinder with a continuously varying magnetization also usually leads to the design being broken into segments. These cylindrical structures are used in devices such as brushless AC motors, magnetic couplings and high field cylinders. Both brushless motors and coupling devices use multipole field arrangements: Brushless motors typically use cylindrical designs in which all the flux is confined to the centre of the bore (such ask = 4above, a six pole rotor) with the AC coils also contained within the bore. Such self-shielding motors designs are more efficient and produce higher torque than conventional motor designs. Magnetic coupling devices transmit torque through magnetically transparent barriers (that is the barrier is non-magnetic or is magnetic but is not affected by an applied magnetic field), for instance between sealed containers or pressurised vessels. The optimal torque couplings consists of a pair of coaxially nested cylinders with opposite +kand -kflux magnetization patterns, as -k magnetization patterns produce fields entirely external to the cylinder. In the lowest energy state, the outer flux of the inner cylinder exactly matches the internal flux of the outer cylinder. Rotating one cylinder relative to the other from these state results in a restoring torque. where the inner and outer cylinder radii areRoandRi, respectively.His in theydirection. This is the simplest form of the Halbach cylinder, and it can be seen that if the ratio of outer to inner radii is greater thanethe flux inside the bore actually exceeds theremanenceof the magnetic material used to create the cylinder. This cylindrical design is only one class of design which produces a uniform field inside a cavity within an array of permanent magnets. Other classes of design include wedge designs, proposed by Abele and Jensen in which wedges of magnetized material are arranged to provide uniform field within cavities inside the design as shown below. Three designs producing uniform magnetic fields within their central air gap The direction of magnetization of the wedges in (A) can be calculated using a set of rules given by Abele, and allows for great freedom in the shape of the cavity. Another class of design is the magnetic mangle (B), proposed by Coey and Cugat, in which uniformly magnetized rods are arranged such that their magnetization matches that of a Halbach cylinder, as shown for a six rod design. This design greatly increases access to the region of uniform field, at the expense of the volume of uniform field being smaller than in the cylindrical designs (although this area can be made larger by increasing the number of component rods). Rotating the rods relative to each other results in many possibilities including a dynamically variable field and various dipolar configurations. It can be seen that the designs shown in A and B are closely related to thek = 2Halbach cylinder. Other very simple designs for a uniform field include separated magnets with soft iron return paths, as shown in figure (C). High Uniform Field Designs: If the two dimensional magnetic distribution pattern of the Halbach cylinder is extended to three dimensions, the result is the Halbach sphere. These design have extremely uniform field within the interior of design, as they are not affected by the end effects prevalent in finite length cylinder design. The magnitude of the uniform field for a sphere also increases to 4/3 the amount for the ideal cylinder design with the same inner and outer radii. However, being spherical access to the region of uniform field is usually restricted to a narrow hole at the top and bottom of the design. Higher fields are possible by optimising the spherical design to take account of the fact that it is composed of point dipoles (and not line dipoles). This results in the stretching of the sphere to an elliptical shape and having a non-uniform distribution of magnetization over the component parts of the sphere. Using this method, as well as soft pole pieces within the design, 4.5 T in a working volume of 20mm3was achieved by Blochet al.in 1998 and this was increased further to 5 T in 2000, although over a smaller working area of 0.05mm3. As hard materials are temperature dependent, refrigeration of the entire magnet array can increase the field within the working area further as shown by Kumadaet al.This group also reported development of a 5.16 T Halbach dipole cylinder in 2003. Chapter 3 MAGNETIC MATERIALS Magnets are attracted to, or repelled by, other materials. A material that is strongly attracted to a magnet is said to have permeability. Iron and steel are two examples of materials with very high permeability, and they are strongly attracted to magnets. Liquid oxygen is an example of something with a low permeability that it is actually slightly repelled by magnetic fields. Everything has a measurable permeability like people, gases and even the vacuum of outer space. The SI unit of magnetic field strength is the tesla, and SI unit of total magnetic flux is the Weber. 1 Weber = 1 tesla following through 1 square meter, and is a very large amount of magnetic flux. Material can be classified according to their permittivity and conductivity. Materials with a large amount of loss inhibit the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In this case, generally whens/(?e)>> 1, we consider the material to be a good conductor. Dielectrics are associated with lossless or low-loss materials, wheres/(?e) 3.4 Measurement: The dielectric constant of material can be found by a variety of static electrical measurement. The complex permittivity is evaluated over a wide range of frequencies by using different variants of dielectric spectroscopy, covering 21 orders of magnitude from 10-6to 1015Hz. Also, by usingcryostatsand ovens, the dielectric properties of a medium can be characterized over an array of temperatures. In order to study systems for such diverse exciting fields, a number of measurement setups are used, each adequate for a special frequency range. Low-frequencytime domainmeasurements (10-6-103Hz) Low-frequencyfrequency domainmeasurements (10-5-106Hz) Reflective coaxial methods (106-1010Hz) Transmission coaxial method (108-1011Hz) Quasi-optical methods (109-1010Hz) Fourier-transform methods (1011-1015Hz) 3.5 Magnet used for Inductrack Inductrack is a completely passive, fail-safe magnetic levitation system, using only unpowered loops of wires in the track and permanent magnets (arranged into Halbach Arrays) on the vehicle to achieve magnetic levitation. The track can be in one of two configurations, a ladder track and a laminated track. The ladder track is made of unpowered Litz-wire cables, and the laminated track is made out of stacked copper or aluminium sheets. Description: Inductrack was invented by a team of scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, headed by physicist Richard F. Post, for use in maglev trains. The only power required is to push the train forward against air and electromagnetic drag, with increasing levitation force generated as the velocity of the train increases over the loops of wire. Its name comes from the wordinductanceorinductor; an electrical device made from loops of wire. As the magnet array (with alternating magnetic field orientations) passes over the loops of wire, it induces a current in them. The current creates its own magnetic field which repels the permanent magnets. Whenneodymium-iron-boron permanent magnetsare used, levitation is achieved at low speeds, allowing it to lift 50 times the magnet weight. The test model levitated at speeds above 22 mph, but Richard Post believes that on real tracks, levitation could be achieved at as little as 1 to 2 mph. Below the transition speed, the magnetic drag increases as the vehicles speed increases and approaches the transition speed, but above this transition speed, the magnetic drag decreases as the vehicles speed increases. The Inductrack II variation uses two Halbach arrays, one above and one below the track to double the levitating magnetic field without substantially increasing the weight or footprint area of the Halbach arrays, while having lower drag forces at low speeds. Several maglev railroad proposals are based upon Inductrack technology. The U.S.National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) is also considering Inductrack technology for launching rockets. Stationary cars: For use at embarkation/ debarkation areas, an implementation using a moving track would continue levitating the car while stationary. With a loop construction similar to a flat escalator by stationary track there would be no moving parts friction. Also, the elimination of the need for wheels during starting/ stopping of the cars simplify car construction and maintenance. Neodymium magnet: A neodymium magnet or NIB magnet (also, but less specifically, called a rare earth magnet) is a powerful magnet made of a combination of a combination of neodymium, iron and boron -Nd2Fe14B. Neodymium magnet on a bracket from a hard drive They have replaced marginally weaker and significantly more heat-resistant samarium-cobalt magnets in most applications, due mainly to their lower cost. These magnets are very strong in comparison to their mass, but are also mechanically fragile and the most powerful grades lose their magnetism at temperatures above 176 degrees fahrenheit or 80 degrees Celsius. High-temperature grades will operate at up to 200 and even 230 C but their strength is only marginally greater than that of samarium-cobalt. Neodymium magnets (or neo as they are known in the industry) are graded in strength from N24 to the strongest N54. The number after the N represents the magnetic energy product, in mega gauss-oersteds (MGOe) (1 MGOe = 7,958 TA/m = 7,958 J/m). N48 has a remnant static magnetic field of 1.38 teslas and an H (magnetic field intensity) of 13,000 oersteds (1.0 MA/m). By volume one requires about 18 times as much ceramic magnet material for the equivalent magnet strength. The neodymium magnet i ndustry is continually working to push the maximum energy product (strength) closer to the theoretical maximum of 64 MGOe. Scientists are also working hard to improve the maximum operating temperature for any given strength. A neodymium magnet lifting 1300 times its own mass Used for stabilization and angular head motors in computer hard drives, neodymium magnets are also popular with hobbyists, and a small magnet can have amazing properties it exhibits magnetic braking when moved near a non-magnetic metal due to induced eddy currents. An excellent demonstration for students to see the effects of Lenzs Law in non-ferrous metals may be performed by dropping a strong neodymium magnet through a copper pipe. The magnet will travel through the pipe remarkably slowly as it falls, the effect may be greatly enhanced by immersing the pipe in liquid nitrogen (thus increasing its conductivity even further) prior to dropping the magnet through. A somewhat larger magnet interacts strongly enough with the magnetic field of the Earth to allow its tendency to align with that field to be perceived directly when holding it, essentially forming a compass. Cylinder- and disc-shaped neodymium magnets are especially responsive to the Earths magnetic fields. Neodymium magnets are used for the transducers in many headphones. Chapter 4 MAGLEV DESIGN 4.1 Electromagnetic Suspension System: (Concept) The design of the electromagnetic suspension system can be done with two types: 1) By using a Hydraulic Damper or 2) By using Linear Motor as a Damper. The concept is to design the magnetic suspension system on the front shock absorber of the motor bike to have a better performance with ease of handling and comfort ride. There are two cylinders installed on two separate arms of the front shock absorbing rods. The cylinder contains the pair of the cylindrical magnets having same pole facing each other to create the required repulsive force to have required levitation effect. The two cylindrical magnets having S (South Pole) on the outer surface concentric with the inner circle having N (North Pole) as shown in following figure:- 1) Working for the Hydraulic Damper: The two disc magnets in a tube or two ring magnets on a shaft, as seen in above figure comprise our required magnet for a motor bike front suspension system. With unlike poles facing, the magnets repel each other generate an air gap between them. The repulsive force restores displacement towards each other, and displacement away is restored by gravity. A hydraulic damper is fixed on the top of the cylinder and connected with the upper magnet with a shaft. The set of shocks used with magnets inside them that are used as the fork setup. One magnet is at the top of the inner portion of the shock with north polarity facing down towards the ground. The second magnet sits on the top of the inner shock that pivots up and down. This magnet has the north polarity upwards so it is parallel with the other magnet. The two magnets fight against each other giving the forks travel. There is also an adjustment at the top of the shock, which allows the magnets to become closer, together for a stiffe r travel or further apart for softer travel. The force from gravity, the force from repelling magnet the radial instability is restrained by shaft. If the shaft is removed from the simple spring, it will be unstable naturally. The magnet will tend towards vertical motion, resulting in instabi

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Its Influence on Society Essay

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Its Influence on Society The German political philosopher and revolutionary, Karl Marx is best known for his radical concepts of society. His socialist views are best seen in his work Communist Manifesto. As one of the most influential thinkers of all times, he was able to convey revolutionary ideas in a manner that all could understand. Due to its comprehendible nature and usefulness to the people of his time this document was widely popular among commoners of the Nineteenth Century. In fact some historians refer to the Manifesto as the first systematic statement about modern socialism the world has ever seen. Powerful language and fueled by desires for better standards of living this great historical document forever changed the world. The Manifesto has been a major influence in all-communist literature since its publication in 1848. Translated in many languages and published in hundreds of millions of copies the piece has spurred wars, massacres, and countless protests. The Communist Manifesto was written as a response to a cold hard world, and ever since then the world has been responding to it with rejection and praise. The works of Karl Marx have influenced and inspired millions of lives throughout human history. 1 During the Nineteenth century when Marx and Engels created The Communist Manifesto, the bourgeois rejected their work, yet it was openly accepted by thousands of proletariats. The immediate response was not only found in Marx’s true followers, members of the Communist League. These people strongly supported and believed in the ideals of socialism. The central idea at the heart of the Communist Manifesto was Marx theory of histo... ...ited: 1 Attack on Capitalism ( Waterloo: Canada and the World, 1999). 19-22. 2 â€Å"Karl Marx† 3 March 2002. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmarx.htm (16 April 2002). 3 â€Å"Friedrich Engels.† 26 February 2002. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUengels.htm (16 April 2002). 4 Rich Kuhn. â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party 1848.† 13 December 1999. http://www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html (16 April 2002). 5 Gerhard Rempel. â€Å"War Communism.† http://mars.acnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/stalin/lectures/WarCom.html (16 April 2002). 6 Mathew White. â€Å"30 Worst Atrocities of The 20TH Century.† June 2000. http://www.plaza.interport.net/mwhite28/Proportionality (16 April 2002). 7 Gilman, Antonio. The Communist Manifesto, 150 Years Later. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Bhopal Ethics Essay

The Bhopal gas leak was a terrible tragedy in which thousands of helpless civilians were killed and hundreds of thousands were injured as they slept. Determining who was at fault and, consequently, who should compensate the victims and clean up the site are questions that have plagued the affected parties, my Rotman classmates and the world at large for over 25 years. The analysis to follow, in attempting to present the roles and responsibilities of each major player, will demonstrate the incredible difficulty involved in assigning conclusive responsibility for the tragedy. This will be followed by my personal reflections on the incident in which I present an additional culprit to those discussed in class. Union Carbide Corporation (US): In seeking to assign responsibility for the incident, there are two clear opportunities to point the finger at Union Carbide Corporation. Firstly, pressure from the corporate office to stop losses backed Union Carbide India into a corner that led to the cost-cutting proposal that ultimately produced the disaster. If, as Milton Friedman said, the social responsibility of a business is to increase profits, then Union Carbide Corporation is under a purely fiduciary, and not a moral or ethical, responsibility to the company’s shareholders and their decision to approve the cost-cutting plan seems appropriate. Friedman’s view, however, is far from universally accepted. Many believe that corporations’ responsibilities to their shareholders, employees, customers and communities extend past fiduciary and enter the realms of ethics and CSR. These people will lay blame for the incident at Union Carbide Corporation for putting profits before people. A second criticism often leveled at Union Carbide Corporation is the fact that their inspectors had visited the Bhopal plant a year before the incident and noted sixty-one safety issues. A grand total of zero of these recommendations had been implemented by the time of the incident. While responsibility for implementation certainly rests with Union Carbide India, the parent company cannot escape blameless as they bear responsibility for following up and ensuring their plants are meeting their own safety guidance. This negligence led to disaster. Union Carbide India Limited: The Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide’s level of responsibility for the Bhopal tragedy is also difficult to determine. It clearly bears responsibility for non-functioning safety and emergency equipment that greatly exacerbated the scope of the tragedy. It is simply unacceptable that the cooling unit had been disabled for over one year. Union Carbide India also failed its responsibilities by hiring under-qualified and illiterate employees, and then failing to train them appropriately. These employees did not understand the dangers and worked in a world where minor leaks were commonplace and corroded instruments could not be trusted. As well, the subsidiary surely deserves blame for not correcting any of the safety violations identified before the incident. Defendants of the Indian subsidiary, however, will remind their critics that cutting these corners were required to keep their plant open and preserve their jobs and important pesticides. Without pressure from their US parent to eliminate losses, they argue, such drastic measures would not have been necessary. Here again we see how easily complications arise when attempting to assign responsibility for ethical lapses. Government of India: The government of India was the strongest proponent in bringing a Union Carbide plant to Bhopal as the prospect of jobs and much needed pesticides led to an offer Union Carbide could not refuse: cheap labour, tax breaks, few workplace safety restrictions and a guaranteed market for 100% of their output. The Government of India, in addition to economic growth, also bears responsibility for the safety and well-being of its citizens; here, they failed to live up to their full mandate. Firstly, the decision to favour economic growth over safety was questionable ethically and ended up costing them dearly. Secondly, the Government neglected the densely-populated shanty town that had grown up near the plant on land deeded from local officials. Its residents were the first and main victims of the poisonous gas. Still, many will argue that a cost-benefit analysis made creating jobs and accessible pesticide for a poor and hungry region the proper priority. While many were ultimately harmed by the leak, how many more had benefitted from the poverty-alleviating jobs and hunger-alleviating crops? Here again we find valid points and counter-points, leaving us no closer to assigning conclusive blame and responsibility for the tragedy. Dow Chemical: While Dow certainly protected itself in the purchase agreement from a legal standpoint, there are those that suggest the proper ethical action is for Dow to assume responsibility for any outstanding clean up and compensation. While this may innately feel like the right thing to do, the counterpoint that Dow had nothing to do with the incident and should not be punished after paying fair market value for Union Carbide is also valid. Personal Reflection: Analyzing the conduct of the major parties has not produced any conclusive allocation of responsibility. It is clear that each party deserves significant blame but no party deserves total blame. There is, however, an overlooked culprit that I believe deserves the bulk of the blame: the expectations market that has hijacked the decision making of US corporations(1). Ever-increasing emphasis on the expectations market (stock prices) instead of the real market (products/services, relationships with customers and communities) has left businesses making short-term, profit-chasing decisions at the expense of their reputation, ethics and long-term viability. Approving cost cuts that jeopardized safety in Bhopal is just one of all too many such instances. This juxtaposition of ethics vs. eeting financial expectations, however, is fatally flawed – there are many examples where ethical decisions produce long term financial success (Tylenol and Maple Leaf Foods recalls, for example). Queens University took the ethical route vis a vis the Radler donation and the class poll revealed that only a very small percentage of us had heard of that incident. I believe that if Queens had ta ken the easier, unethical decision and never offered to return the donation, this story would have been much more widely publicized and Queens would have suffered in the long run. Moreover, there is no shortage of examples where short-term unethical decisions destroy companies and make them miss their projections forever! (Enron, Bre-X, Nortel, etc – sadly this is a very long list indeed). In short, I disagree with Friedman and lay the bulk of Bhopal blame at the financial system in which Union Carbide operated. Fear of getting hammered by the expectations market led to corporate’s threat to close the Bhopal plant which set off the chain reaction that ultimately ended in tragedy. Fear of incurring further losses after the tragedy than focused Union Carbide’s efforts on avoiding liability, rather than taking the ethical high-ground and assuming fair responsibility for compensation and clean up. Corporate promotion of hypernorms such as integrity, compassion and responsibility will ultimately benefit all stakeholders and provide corporations with the enduring financial rewards that accrue to those that are respected and well-liked by the real market (ie. onsumers and communities, not analysts and speculators). We need to usher in a new era where businesses chase solid reputations and community longevity instead of quarterly earnings expectations. The default corporate reaction to adversity must shift towards upholding these hypernorms, rather than hiding behind lawyers and waiting until the blame has been transferred elsewhere. Realizing that employing the ethical strategy does not compromise, but actually enhances long term financial viability is a cruc ial first step.

How to Make the Best Cookie Essays

How to Make the Best Cookie Essays How to Make the Best Cookie Essay How to Make the Best Cookie Essay How Do You Make the Best Cookie? Who doesn’t love a good cookie? The quest for that melt-in-your-mouth, gooey, and blissful tasting cookie is a never-ending battle. My science experiment will answer the age-old question: Is it possible to make the perfect cookie? My science experiment is identifying the best method for making the most delicious cookie. If I vary the amount of time I refrigerate the cookie dough, then the batch that was freshly baked will be moister and ultimately taste better because the wet ingredients will not have been absorbed yet. To perform this experiment I will need to use three medium sized mixing bowls, an electric mixer, measuring spoons and measuring cups to correspond to the recipe, plastic wrap to cover the refrigerated cookie dough, a refrigerator, a standard sized cookie sheet, an oven, two wire cooling racks, four large Glad brand tupperware, ten taste testers, ten questionnaires and pens, graph paper for recording the data. This experiment will require me to bake four different batches of cookies: two batches of chocolate chip cookies, and two batches of sugar cookies. I will not vary the ingredients of the batches, however I will vary the procedure in which I make the dough. For the sugar cookies, I will make one batch of dough (Sugar A) and refrigerate it for 48 hours. I will also make one batch of dough for the chocolate chip cookies (Chocolate A) and refrigerate it for 48 hours. After the 48-hour period is over, I will the make the remaining two batches (Sugar B and Chocolate B) and immediately bake them. After those two batches are finished I will bake batches Sugar A and Chocolate A. I will then store them in separate, labeled containers and conduct a blind taste test with ten people. I will have my subjects taste Sugar A and Sugar B first and have them record which cookie they prefer and why, then I will have them taste Chocolate A and Chocolate B and have them record which the prefer and why. Then, I will ask them which cookie was best overall. Next I will ask them if the difference in the chocolate chip cookies was more or less pronounced than the difference in the sugar cookies. I will then display the data in charts and graphs. Two things make this experiment possible. Wet and dry ingredients. Wet ingredients are the ingredients that are moist or contain water. For example, in a chocolate chip cookie recipe the wet ingredients would be things such a milk, eggs, or butter. But if a cookie recipe consisted of only wet ingredients, the dough would be soupy and no good for baking. This is where dry ingredients come in. Dry ingredients are the ingredients that contain hardly any water, if any. Examples of these ingredients would be flour, baking soda, and salt. Dry ingredients act as sponges absorbing the right amount of the wet ingredients to create a mixture that’s not too wet and not too dry. By refrigerating one batch of each flavor for 48 hours, it allows the dry ingredients to fully absorb the wet ingredients. The question is, does this enhance the flavor of the cookie? To find out, it is imperative to conduct a blind taste test. The blind taste test is very important because if the subjects consuming the cookies are aware of the difference between the cookies then their data will be biased against one cookie. Food safety is imperative in this experiment. The dough must remain at or below 4. 4Â °C (40Â °F) to keep from spoiling. If the dough were to be exposed to temperatures above 4. 4C for more than two hours it would be considered spoiled and unsafe to eat. Constantly keeping the dough at a safe temperature throughout the entire 48-hour period is necessary in ensuring that all of the subjects participating in the experiment are safe while consuming the cookies. If these safety measures were not to be taken, then the subjects would be at risk to foodborne illness. Foodborne illnesses are commonly caused by pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Foodborne illnesses can cause mild to severe sickness. It may take as much as a few days for the person infected to start feeling symptoms. This delay is called the incubation period. Most organisms take up temporary residencies in the intestines, while others produce toxins that can get into the blood stream; these are the most severe cases of foodborne illness. This is why food safety is imperative to this experiment. Everything must be at the proper temperature to be consumed. If it is not, then the outcome will not be good. I will take every measure possible to make sure that everything is correct. So why would these foods spoil if they weren’t refrigerated? Pathogenic bacteria grows rapidly in temperatures above 4. 4Â °C (40Â °F). This type of bacteria does not affect the smell, taste, or appearance of the food, making it difficult to determine whether or not the pathogens are present. By refrigerating foods at the correct temperature, you are eliminating the chances of these harmful pathogens growing in your food and contaminating them. For example, if you accidentally left a jug of milk on the counter overnight it would become warm and develop a rancid odor. If you were to drink it, the chances of you getting a foodborne illness would be high considering that the harmful pathogens had time to grow. Spoilage bacteria can also grow at low temperatures, however they cause foods to develop disgusting odors and appearances. Most people would not choose to eat these foods, but if they did they would most likely not become ill. If I were to leave the cookie dough sitting on the counter for 48 hours instead of refrigerating it, the harmful pathogens would grow and cause the dough to be very unsafe to eat or bake. This is why refrigeration is necessary to make sure that the dough is good to eat. To make sure that this experiment is accurate, many precautions must be taken to ensure that the dough comes out the same as the batch before it. All ingredients must be the same brand, and they must be measured accurately. Also, time is a very important component to this experiment. I will take extra care in making sure that the times are measured accurately, I will make sure that the dough is refrigerated for exactly 48 hours, I will making sure that one batch of cookies is not burnt, and that the cooling time remains constant throughout the different batches. The success of this project is based on how the dough changes after being refrigerated for 48 hours. If the dough being refrigerated is even the slightest bit different from the dough being freshly made, my results could be incorrect. While doing research I found out that when you initially mix cookie dough, the particles of the wet and dry ingredients sit side by side. By letting the dough sit in the refrigerator for 48 hours, the dry ingredients absorb the wet ingredients and then become one, instead of sitting side by side. This goes back to the essential question: Does this affect the flavor of the cookie? How about the texture? When water and any other wet ingredient is mixed with flour, it bonds together to make the cookies rise. If the flour and other wet ingredients are left to bond for 48 hours longer than they normally would, would the cookies be lighter or gooier? These are all questions that can be answered by my experiment. Using a microscope, I would be able to see the difference in the two doughs. Another question yet to be answered is whether or not there’s a difference between the sugar cookie dough and the chocolate chip dough. Could the fact that one of the doughs has chocolate chips in it affect how the wet and dry ingredients combine? How about the amount of sugar? Could that also change the flavor and or texture? This experiment begins with many unanswered questions, but will be finished with many answered ones. Many people would not think of baking as a science, when in reality, that’s exactly what it is. Baking requires precise measurements of time and quantity, it requires the ability to read and follow directions, and it has variables, controls, and dependent variables. In my experiment I can use the science of baking to determine whether or not refrigerating a batch of cookie dough for 48 hours affects the taste and or texture of the cookie. By conducting a blind taste test with ten participants I can make sure that I collect accurate, unbiased data. I will be able to answer many questions about how variations in dough and temperature affect the cookie. I will also be able to practice good food safety habits by making sure that everything remains at a healthy temperature. So is it possible to make the perfect, melt-in-your-mouth, gooey, blissful tasting cookie? I believe that it is well within our reach. Food Studies: The Science of Cookie Texture. Grist. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. lt;http://grist. org/food/2011-10-06-food-studies-the-science-of-cookie-texture/gt;. How Do You Make the Best Cookie? How Do You Make the Best Cookie? N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Sept. 012. lt; sciencebuddies. org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/FoodSci_p014. shtmlgt;. Refrigeration and Food Safety. Http://www. fsis. usda. gov. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. lt; fsis. usda. gov/FACTSheets/Refrigeration_gt;. Safe Food Handling Fact Sheets. Safe Food Handling Fact Sheets. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. lt; fsis. usda. gov/fact_sheets/Safe_Food_Handling_Fact_Sheets/index. aspgt;. Smith, Terry L. Nutrition and Food Safety. New York: Chelsea House, 2011. Print.

Go for It With Pa’lante

Go for It With Pa’lante Palante is not a word you will find in any standard Spanish dictionaries. Spanish teachers might even cringe upon hearing it. It is a Spanish slang word loosely translated as onward, go ahead, or go for it. Where Pa’lante Comes From Palante  is a well-understood  slang  word apparently originally used in Caribbean Spanish-speaking areas and seems to be gaining popularity in other parts of the Spanish-speaking world. Its a shortened version of para  adelante, a fairly common phrase made up of the  preposition  para, often meaning for, and  adelante, an  adverb  (sometimes functioning as other  parts of speech) meaning forward. What is unique about this word and its use is that  contractions and  apostrophes  are rarely used in Spanish. In fact, using apostrophes to indicate letters are missing is usually thought of as an Anglicism. For some inexplicable reason, palante is sometimes spelled as palante and is listed that way as slang in the Collins Spanish Dictionary. But the spelling of palante is far more common. It is not listed in the Royal Spanish Academy Dictionary (known as DRAE for its Spanish initials), the languages most authoritative reference source. Famous Word at Rallies Palante is something commonly heard at rallies usually used to rile up a person or group to action. As evidence of its burgeoning spread outside of the Caribbean, the word was used as part of a slogan at pro-Hugo Chvez rallies in Caracas, Venezuela:  ¡Palante Comandante!  Chvez was the president of Venezuela from 2002 to 2013. A literal translation of the rhyming phrase  ¡Palante Comandante!, would be something like Forward, Commander! although that direct interpretation does not capture the subtle connotation nor the colloquial nature of the phrase. El  CotVmandante  was a popular reference to Chvez. In the context of rallies, other translations of palante might be go ahead, onward, go for it, hang in there or keep on going. Pop Culture References Pop icon and Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin brought the word mainstream in his 1995 musical hit,  Marà ­a. A popular line from the song: Un, dos, tres, un pasito palante Maria! The line translates to, One, two, three, one little step forward, Maria!  The song topped the charts at the time and became Martins first international hit single. Before and after Martin, Spanish music artists have been using the slang word in music hits. Other famous titles with the word include Echa  Palante, by  Mexican recording artist, Thalia, made popular in 1997. The song was featured in the 1998 dance competition movie Dance with Me in a memorable scene starring  Vanessa L. Williams  and  Puerto Rican  singer  Chayanne. As an example of the words use in song prior to Martin, Puerto Rican-American Latin jazz great, Tito Puente released a song, Palante, which he subtitled Straight in English.   Palante con Cristina (Palante With Cristina) is a popular show on Telemundo, a U.S. cable TV network. Related Phrases One related phrase that is widespread is echado para adelante. The sentence Estamos echados para adelante can mean something like, Were all ready to go for it. Sometimes echado para adelante is shortened to something like echao padelante. These phrases are not considered formal Spanish, but would most likely be used in the context of colloquial speech or familiar conversation.   Palante in Names of Programs or Groups Palante has become word often used in the names of organizations on programs to help convey they idea of progress. Among them: Mujeres Palante is a cooperative employment organization of and for the benefit of women. It is based in Barcelona, Spain.Palante Harlem is a New York tax-exempt organization devoted to housing issues.Echar PaLante is a campaign devoted to the betterment of Puerto Rico.PaLante Pacà ­fico is a philanthropic effort connected with the University of the Andes (Universidad de los Andes) in Bogot, Colombia.The PaLante Afterschool Program is for elementary children in Allentown, Penn. Key Takeaways Palante is an increasingly common Spanish slang word that isnt listed in most dictionaries.Palante is used to indicate concepts such as encouragement, enthusiasm, resolve, and progress.The word can be found in song titles and names of organizations throughout the Spanish-speaking world.