The annual sunflower is a genetically and morphologically protean species belonging to the genus Helianthus. Sixty seven species ar identified down the stairs the genus Helianthus and two of these, Helianthus annuus and Helianthus tuberoses, are know to be cultivated as food and several opposite species are grown as an ornamental plant. The principal ones existence H. annuus, H. argophyllus T. & G. and H. debilis Nutt among the annuals and H. decapetalus L., H. X lactiflorus Pers., H. maximilians Schrad, H. X multiflorus L., and H. salisifolius A. Dietr. among perennial (Heiser, 1978). The genus is characterized by a introductory chromosome number of x=17 and also there are diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid species (Heiser 1978).
Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) deserves the second rank in the humans in its use as an oil crop next to soybeans. Seeds are used for human consumption for example as confectionery, raw material for oleochemistry and substitute for mineral oil in various applications as fuel, lubricant and oil for hydraulic systems.
sunflower is a predominantly cross pollinated species, with a pollination deportment primarily accomplished by insects and to a limited cessation by wind.
A wide range of self impressiveness occurs among individuals in a gentility population, though low take of self incompatibility is realized in certain lines (Friedt et. al 1997). It is a primary objective in most breeding programs to develop hybrids although improved open pollinated and synthetic cultivars have value, especially in countries where hybrid seed production is not executable for technical and economical reasons (Fick 1989).
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