Silent Victims Discussing The Effects Of Domestic...

Silent Victims: Discussing the Effects of Domestic Violence When most people think of Domestic Violence (DV), they envision an ethnic person, battered with bruises. Many forget that DV can occur in many forms and has many faces. Not only does it cross all cultural, religious and socioeconomic boundaries, but it also is committed in many forms, some of which do not leave external bruises. The stigma surrounding DV often prevents the victims from speaking up, allowing, sexual, mental, emotional and physical abuse to occur, often in the presence of children, creating long lasting effects on the household and in our communities. Despite the fact that many women suffer daily through the pain and humiliation of DV, while it is either well known or suspected by their neighbors, few speak up. Dating back to the medieval time period, husbands have been allowed, and even encouraged, to physically â€Å"correct† their wives at their discretion to maintain peace and order in their household. Although systematic abuse was not within the limits of the law, proving it was almost impossible. Even if a woman was brave enough to bring charges against her husband, the local magistrates often sided with the husband and his witnesses. In the rare case an abused wife actually prevailed, as in the case of Alice Dey, fines and sentences were minimal. In 1383, the local constable received a report that Alice’s husband, Thomas, had â€Å"beaten and drawn blood† from his wife. Thomas was fined three pence andShow MoreRelatedThe History of Domestic Violence1784 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Domestic violence started back in the days of Roman Empire however, it was not recognised in Australia as a crime until the early 70’s, Davidson, (1977 cited in Edleson, 1999 ). Furthermore, children who witness this crime are only now beginning to be recognised as victims. These victims and the long term effects of witnessing physical abuse in their home on a regular basis is only new territory that statistics are being done, in comparison with adult victims. Domestic abuse is someoneRead MoreChildren Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesAfter many studies researchers have confirmed that when children are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) it significantly effects their social emotional development (Hughes Chau, 2013; Herman-Smith, 2013). This raises a concern; if IPV was to be measured emotional abuse should children be removed from their families. If we consider that the majority of children that witness IPV are under six and would not be able to fully understand what is happening we can conclude that they would not beRead More`` The Hunting Ground `` : Sexual Assaults On College Campuses Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesassault has on the survivor as well as their families. Additionally, the film presents how institutions cover it up and/or present a penalty that is not fit for the crime. The specific trauma that has effected the survivors in the film is domestic violence and sexual trauma. The trauma from all of the survivors is very severe. It includes: Andrea, a Cuban America, who was a student at University of North Carolina (UNC) was sexually assaulted at an on-campus party. She recalls her head being bangedRead MoreThe Lifelong Affects and Consequences of Domestic Violence3981 Words   |  16 PagesThe Lifelong Affects and Consequences of Domestic Violence Anderson University Liberal Studies 495: Senior Seminar in Liberal Studies Instructor: Rob Lever Samuel Crosby II November 27th, 2011 Abstract Domestic Violence has been proven to have an unhealthy impact on the victims exposed to the violence. Most people do not realize the scope of the potential adverse affects that domestic violence has on adult victims, pregnant victims, children and adolescents that are exposed to the typeRead MoreFamily Violence: An International Perspective Essay2101 Words   |  9 Pagesevery country in the world has been touched in some way by family violence. A vast number of women and children are subjected each day to violence within their family homes, the setting where they should feel the safest. Family violence crosses the boundaries of sex, age, social class, education, and race (1). Statistics show that approximately 1 in 3 women worldwide will be affected by family violence within her lifetime (1). Violence has a major impact on ones physical, social and mental well-beingRead MoreEpekto Ng Polusyon19213 Words   |  77 PagesDomestic violence: Moving On A Qualitative Investigation Exploring How women Move On From Violent Relationships Researcher: Carole Le Darcy Supervisor: Dr Sue Becker Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest thanks and gratitude to all of the exceptionally strong women that participated in this research that have freely given not only some of their precious and valuable time but have also revealed that which is sadly all too often concealed; the remarkable, courageous and oftenRead MoreHuman Trafficking: It Happens Here, Its Happening Now3206 Words   |  13 Pagesher family but this work came with the benefit of education and learning English. Marias parents allowed her to go; they trusted Sandra because she herself was Mexican born. When Maria arrived she entered this horrendous nightmare. Sandra used violence to squeeze every ounce of work Maria â€Å"needed† to finish. If Sandra felt that Maria wasn’t working fast or hard enough she would blast pepper spray into her eyes. When Maria wasn’t working Sandra chained her to a pole in the backyard without foodRead MoreHow Effective Is Terrorism Is For Achieving Its Political Objectives3701 Words   |  15 Pageshave all been the victims. Terrorism has become a key organising principal for domestic and international politics shaped by developed organisations and tactics through into the contemporary world. Terrorism is said to be politically motivated when the innocent public has been targeted for someone else’s gain (Terrorism Definition, 2015). Anyone may define terrorism in his or her own way depending on what feature of terrorism is emphasised in the definition usually where violence being the face ofRead MoreQuestions On The Rights Law Essay6983 Words   |  28 Pagesaccess to adequate housing resources.† The CESCR lists the disadvantaged to include inter alia, â€Å"elderly, children, the physically disabled, the terminally ill, HIV-positive individuals, persons with persistent medical problems, the mentally ill, victims of natural disasters and persons living in disaster-prone areas.† The CESCR further guides that increase in access to land by landless and/or impoverished segments of the society should constitute a central legal policy for states who face such problemsRead More Female Genital Mutilation: A Gross Violation of Human Rights4218 Words   |  17 Pagesof the clitoris, leaving a slit in which women are given limited physical ability to excrete fluids and increases danger during childbirth for both the mother and the child in question. The latter example of FGM has been known to have severe side effects that can result in difficulty in childbirth, bleeding, trauma, infection and at length, death. In the documentary, â€Å"Half the Sky† many of the issues that arise during childbirth in countries like Ethiopia and Somaliland stem from the poor economy

The Fight For Justice Marks A Long Sequence Of Events...

One of the biggest problems Africans Americans faced in America is Segregation, discrimination, racism and prejudice. Their fight for justice marks a long sequence of events towards their freedom. Race according to the New Webster’s Dictionary is a division of mankind based on skin color, hair texture, facial makeup etc in a group or class. Racism can be traced back to the beginning of history. It has went beyond individual discrimination and stretched as far as institutional racism and linguistic profiling. Institutional racism occurs when racism is supported by governmental policies and laws. Linguistic profiling has not yet been recognized as a form of racial discrimination however, cases such as Johnson v. Jensen have been bought to†¦show more content†¦Perhaps, the lady suggested that I was from England. I assumed this because when I spoke to her over the phone she expressed that I needed to bring my documents that will allow me to begin my paper work to start wo rk as soon as possible. The phone interview went well and she told me that I would be hired. When I showed up with my documents, well dressed and ready to start this new job I was told upon meeting her that the position was taken. This incident is similar to that of James Johnson because he was perceived to be of another race because of the way he spoke. When facing the person who made this perception, and them realizing that their assumption was wrong, something changed. In my case I was not hired and was too young to know that this could have been a form of discrimination. In Mr. Johnson experience he knew what went wrong and he bought the case to court. On the other hand, author Michael Brand points out the defendant’s argument stating that they had no idea Johnson was black (Walters K., Brody M., 2005 Pg. 294). â€Å"Having only heard Johnson’s voice, they couldn’t have discriminated against him on the basis of his race. Race, after all, is something one sees, not hears† (Walters K., Brody M. Pg 294). Although, not allowing Mr. Johnson to rent the apartment and the reason as to why the supervisor in the supermarket did not hire me, the situation felt questionable,. I was hired on the phone but whenShow MoreRelatedThe Fight For Justice Marks A Long Sequence Of Events Towards Their Freedom1201 Words   |  5 Pages Some of the biggest problems Africans Americans faced in America are segregation, discrimination, racism and prejudice. Their fight for justice marks a long sequence of events towards their freedom. Race according to the New Webster’s Dictionary is a division of mankind based on skin color, hair texture, facial make-up etc in a group or class. Racism can be traced back to the beginning of history. It has gone beyond individual discrimination and stretched as far as institutional racism and linguisticRead MoreEssay on Mateship in Australian Films5134 Words   |  21 PagesMateship in Australian Films Mateship has long been a major aspect of the national image as projected by Australian films, yet the moralities of mateship and the image of men as mates did not go unchallenged. Australian cinema as a significant part of the whole industry of image-makers in the country, the way it portrays mateship, the single most important mythic element in the cultural identity of Australia, is worth analysing. This paper first reviews the historicalRead MoreWitness by Peter Weir Notes12043 Words   |  49 PagesThemestolerance; good and evil; isolation; nature of love; conflict; traditionalism; individuality; tradition; reality amp; appearance; violence amp; nonviolence, justice, freedom amp; commitment. Camera angles: * High anglestaken from above to make a character look small, lost, inferior * Low anglestaken from underneath the character looking up towards them to make them look imposing, superior or threatening * Point of view shotA shot made from the camera position close to the line of sight of oneRead MoreMilitary Culture6972 Words   |  28 Pagesfactors. National psyche and traits being the most pronounced ones. Military culture , to a certain extent , is in harmony with the national culture, however, it has its own impulses and dynamics. It incorporates obedience that curtails individual freedom or at times it may be at tangent with the socio-cultural values of a society ; Military culture of British – Indian Army ,as inherited by us is a case in point here. Philosophy of our present military outlets draws strength from history , organisationalRead MoreElements of Postmodernism in Ishmael Reeds Mumbo Jumbo, Don Delillos White Noise, Toni Morrisons Beloved and Thomas Pynchons the Crying of Lot 496348 Words   |  26 Pagesintricately woven, postmodern novels string together a never-ending web of connections that ultimately frustrate any attempt to draw definite conclusions. In Don DeLillos White Noise, Jack Gladney, the narrator, constantly connects seemingly random events, dates, and facts in an attempt to form a cohesive understanding of his world. Behind that attempt lies a deep-seated need to find meaning in a media-obsessed age driven by images, appearances, and rampant material consumption. Beloved engages theRead MoreIf Inequality Is Increasing, Are We Likely to See More Armed Conflict?4618 Words   |  19 Pagesdistinct constellations and levels of inequality to conform to the simple linear relationship suggested in the title? Besanà §on’s (2005) findings that different socio-political set-ups have differing results with regards to conflict are but one hint towards greater complexity. As a result, she associates herself with academics suggesting that causes for all types of civil wars and armed conflict are not necessarily parallel. Instead, she argues, a micro-analysis of specific cases might prove more fruitfulRead MoreHindi Nibandh on Advantages of Mobile and Disadvantage17790 Words   |  72 Pagesheavy industrialization funded and directed by the governments. The 1950s were certainly not propitious times for free marketers in India. But from time to time their ideas were revived. After the rupee was devalued in 1966, there were some moves towards freeing the trade regime, and hopes that the licensing system would also be liberalized. However, after Indira Gandhi split the Congress Party in 1969, her government took its ‘left turn’, nationalizing a fresh range of industries and returning toRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pageschased and teased him about the second hand clothes and cast-off womens shoes that he wore. Langston spent many hours sitting on a stool beside his grandmother, who read him stories from the Bible or from his favorite book, Grimms Fairy Tales. Her long wavy hair had very little gray in it, and in her ears she wore the small gold earrings Langstons grandfather left her. Her lips were thin, and her skin, wrinkled like an Indian squaws, was a lighter shade of brown than Langstons. Carrie HughesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesNational Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. Moya and Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The GenderingRead MoreStudy Guide9234 Words   |  37 Pagesability to see the relationship between individual experiences and society at large, as well as the ability to distinguish between personal troubles and social issues.History focuses on the uniqueness of events, whereas sociology focuses on commonalities. 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Business Law Fraudulent Misrepresentation

Questions: 1.What are the key areas of business law that are relevant in these facts?2.Who can take legal action and what remedies could be given by a court? Answers: 1. Issue It is of particular significance to note from the outset that Bill aged 15 has entered into a contract together with his sister who is aged 22. The issue that arises for determination here is the capacity of Bill to enter into contract. On the hand the seller of the caf dishonestly made untrue assertions that the cafes weekly takings are $10,000. The issue that begs an interpretive determination here is whether the statements amounted to a fraudulent misrepresentation. Law It is a general principle in law that for a contract to be enforceable and binding, the parties the must be of the requisite capacity. It has been held that contract that are entered to by minors are void unless they a contracts of necessity (Nash v Inman 1908). The Minors (Property and Contracts) act recognizes that minors are persons below the age of 18 and any contract with them is void (Minors (Property and Contracts) Act 1970 (NSW) s46 (1)). A misrepresentation is an untrue statement that induces the other party to enter into contract which has the effects of vitiating the contract. It is thus submitted that for a misrepresentation to be actionable there are various elements that must be met for the action to be successful. Firstly, one of the parties must have made a false assertion of fact. It has been held that if a statement is substantially correct then it does not amount to an untrue statement (Avon Insurance plc. v. Swire Fraser Ltd, 2000). It is worth noting that the statement must be a clear untrue statement that does not bring about any ambiguity (Bisset v Wilkinson, 1927). Secondly, the misrepresentation must be made by a party to the contract or an agent representing the party to the contract. Thirdly, the other party must rely on the untrue statement to the effect that the untrue statement will influence his or her judgment to enter into the contract. However, a misrepresentation will not be actionable if it did not affect the judgment of the other party expected to sign the contract (Smith v. Chadwick, 1884). Application It is submitted that the contract with Dodgy Pty. Ltd. is void because Bill had not reached the age of majority as required by Law. In addition when the law of misrepresentation is applied in this case it becomes undeniably true that Dodgy Pty. Ltd. made untrue assertions that affected the judgment of the two siblings. Dodgy Pty. Ltd. was aware that the statements were actually false but still they fraudulently induced Bill and Jill into singing the contract. It thus advised to Bill and Jill that the contract is void and furthermore an action for misrepresentation will be successful and they will be entitled to the remedy of damages and rescission of the contract. Essentially, the two key business Law areas that affect this case are Capacity in contract law and Misrepresentation of facts in contract law too. 2. Issue Hugh runs a Pizza business and has since decided to replace his recipe to what he refers to as the latest recipe. Unfortunately most of the customers who have bought and eaten the pizza fall sick. The issue of determination here circumnavigates within the product liability which invites an action for negligence in tort. Law Key Areas of Business Law that are Relevant Product liability entails a claimant bringing a claim against a manufacturer or a maker of product for a defect in the product that has cause harm to the user. The overarching rule entrenched here is the law of negligence which is to the effect that one should reasonably foresee acts or omissions that are like to cause harm to a neighbor (Donoghue v. Stevenson, 1932). Ideally, Lording Artkin in the foregoing case defines a neighbor as persons who are likely to be affected by ones act or omissions and should therefore be put in their contemplation. Who can take Legal Action The person to bring an action must be one who can prove the legal positions that have been identified in part (i) above. It is of interest to note that for a negligence claim to succeed there are three essential elements that must be unassailably proved to the court by the claimant for the action to succeed (Grant v Australian Knitting Mills, 1936). Firstly and most importantly the claimant must establish that the manufacturing company owed them a duty of care. The litmus for determining the duty of care has since been sufficiently settled in Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990) where the court firmly stated that for duty of care to exist a three stage test must be met. The harm or injury that visited the claimant as a result of the act or omissions of the defendant must be one that is on the face of it reasonably foreseeable (Kent v Griffiths, 2000). A relationship of proximity must exist between the claimant and the defendant for duty of care to be deemed to exist (Home Office v Dorset Yacht Club, 1970). It is indispensible that the claimant proves that as a result of the breach the duty the defendant suffered harm. A Causal link must be established showing that the defendant actually caused harm to the claimant.1t is now a settled position that section 5c of the civil liability act 2002 borrows the idea inherent in it from the common law test, the But for Test (Adeels Palace Pty Ltd v Mubarak Bou Najem, 2009). The aforementioned test was correctly applied in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital (1968) where the court stated that if the defendant shows that the harm would have occur but for the negligent omissions then a causal link will not be established between the harm and act of the defendant. It is interesting to note that the locus standi in product liability claims has been extended to also include regulators who must have consent from the injured parties. Essentially, this implies that the regulators can also sue on behalf the users who have been harmed by the defective products. What Remedies could be Given by a Court Notably, the claimant in a negligence action has a breadth of options as remedies that will available upon a succefull claim. The claimant may seek damages which is a common law remedy that seeks to put the claimant in the position they were before the tort occurred. Damages in an action fro negligence are categorized into two. Special damages are awarded for any economic loss that the claimant has suffered. This may include the medical expenses that the claimant incurred because of the harm caused by consuming the defendants product and loss if earnings that is occasioned by the defendants incapacity to conduct his activities that fetch him an income. General damages are also common damages awarded to the claimant by the court. They are damages that awarded for the pain and suffering that has visited the claimant and the emotional distress he has had to endure because of the harm caused by the defendant. Application It is thus submitted that Hugh ought to reasonably foresee that his acts omissions in the business could likely affect the consumers of his product. From the application of the principles of law stated above it can be rightfully said that the consumers of the pizza can rightfully bring a legal claim of negligence because Hugh owed them a duty of care and he breached that duty of care. The relationship of proximity here is raised because the people who have fallen sick because of consuming the pizza are his clients. In this sense, liability will attach to the omissions by Hugh because a causal link can be established and it undeniably proves that he caused the injury to his clients because they consumed pizzas that he prepares. It should also be noted that apart from the direct consumers of the product, the people who have been harmed can make a joinder claim through regulators who seek to protect consumer but consent from the people who have ben harmed must first be sought. The special damages in this case will be awarded where those people who were harmed by the pizzas have incurred medical expenses. To those who had to be admitted in hospital or stay at home until recovery, if they can prove that they have lost considerable amount of earnings because they were incapacitated to work , will also be awarded special damages. Because of the pain, suffering and emotional distress that they could have suffered they can also be awarded general damages. References Adeels Palace Pty Ltd v Moubarak Bou Najem [2009] HCA 48 Avon Insurance v Swire Fraser Ltd [2000] 1 ALL ER Comm 573 Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital (1968)3 All ER 1068 Bisset v Wilkinson [1927] AC 177 Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990) 2 AC 605 Civil Liability Act 2002(NSW) Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932) UKHL 100 Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1936) A.C. 562 Home Office v Dorset Yacht Club (1970) AC 1004 Kent v Griffiths (2000)2 WLR 1158 Minors (Property and Contracts) Act 1970 (NSW) Nash v. Inman [1908] 2 KB 1 Smith v Chadwick (1884) 9 App Cas 187

Evidence Informed Health Practice

Question: Discuss about the Evidence Informed Health Practice. Answer: Introduction: Which one is greater among maintenance phase in women participating in physical exercise, perceived barriers or perceived benefits? The null hypothesis states that the perceived benefits were lower and perceived barriers were greater in women with more extensive and successful PA participation experience. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the differences in perceived benefits and barriers in relation to physical activity between pre-maintenance women and the maintenance phase to determine whether perceived benefit or perceived barrier is greater in women who experience PA participation. In this experiment benefits are the dependent variable since the barriers changes with time and external environment such as affect of the society, economic status and diet. Therefore, barriers are the independent variables. The benefits are the independent variables since these cannot be changed with time or any other factors. The study design was qualitative since it was based on the descriptive data. The two advantages of the study are firstly, it could be identified from the study that the African-American women have understood the barriers and benefits of physical activity. Secondly, the study promotes the benefits of physical activity rather than barriers. The participants were 113 African-American women who participated for this study. Participants were recruited from the community and supported by Sisters in Motion. The conventional sampling strategy has been used in this study. 50 % of the population in the pre-maintenance group is in college and 59% in the maintenance group are college graduate. (50+59)/ (100+100) = 109/200= 0.545 Therefore, 54.5% of the population is college graduate. The overall mean age of the participants in this study was found to be 51.3 years. This mean was calculated by statistical analysis and the analysis of data was conducted by means IBM SPAA version 18. In addition chi-square and t-tests were also used. The point at which the authors reported that overall, the participants of the study had a mean age of 51.3 years, SD of 14.2 years involved the stages of change, and the participants regarding their stages of change with respect to PA behavior had indicated it. SD= 14.2 signifies a standard deviation of 14.2 indicating the descriptive statistics of the participants of this study. Assuming the normal distribution of age, the range of age for the approximately 68% of the participants of the study was 51.3 years. Information Variable type Marital status Nominal variable Educational level Ordinal variable Employment status Ordinal variable Current physical health Continuous variable It has been reported by the authors that women in the maintenance group were significantly less likely to smoke. The findings of the authors can be justified with the descriptive statistics and p-value in the way that the study has examined the perceived benefits and barriers associated with the PA behaviour. Yes, the two groups consisting of the pre-maintenance groups were not similar in terms of their marital status. It is known through the process of data analysis by using IBM SPSS version 8, tests and chi-square tests. Yes, the two groups (pre-maintenance and maintenance) are significantly different in terms of stating lack of access to gym as a barrier to physical activity. This is evident from the table in which the comparison of the participants consisting of the two groups (pre-maintenance and maintenance) with respect to the changes in the of physical activity behaviour. The results did not change after 13 smokers were removed from the database since the statistical significance for all the comparisons have not changed. In Table 1, the values 52.2 (15.7) represent the smoking status of the maintenance group. Yes, the two groups are statistically different in terms of perceiving unsafe environment as a barrier to physical activity since the p-value of the pre-maintenance group was found to be 79 and for maintenance group it was 74. In this study, the investigation of the the potential differences in perceived benefits in barriers related to participation in physical activity between African-American women have been carried out. The results of the study have suggested the benefits and barriers related to physical activity behaviour has been valued as well as understood by the several African- American women. The results of this study are not in support of the common belief that effectual programming of improvements of health behavior needs to stress on the benefits and barriers associated with their behaviour. The health practitioners should think to focus on the other factors, which are evidence-based and have been proved to encourage physical activity behaviour like counseling concerning social assistance as for e.g. buddy system and enhancing the self-efficacy as for e.g. setting of a specific goal for initiating and sustaining a lifestyle which is physically active. This study has provided an evidence that f or some of the populations the perceived benefits of physical activity and the barriers to the participation in the physical activity do not fluctuate distinctly between the beginners and the experienced participants of physical activity effectively. In my opinion, the findings of this study are not reliable. Reference Scott, M. S., Oman, R. F., John, R. (2015). The Benefits and Barriers Related to Regular Participation in Physical Activity by African-American Women: Implications for Intervention Development.Open Journal of Preventive Medicine,5(04), 169.