Privacy vs. National Security Essay

The scope and nature of the problem is that after September 11, 2001 the government has enhanced its surveillance procedure to a frightening level. With one policy, â€Å"The USA Patriot Act-2001,† the US government has effectively turned the United States of America into a police state. This policy gives the government run agencies the right to spy on its citizens. Agents can gather information by physically watching, or by other covert means such as wire taps. It is no longer a specific phone line but on individuals. It allows service providers to disclose information and protects them from court action when the do. It permits a delay in warrant notification, giving agents the ability to search before they have a warrant in hand. This policy gives the government the right to accuse, intimidate, and imprison its citizens of terrorism, and ignore the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was created to protect the people from various injustices that the government could commit. The amendments that are affected the most are the 1st, 4th, and the 6th. (Asian Tribune,[Hallstavik],June 5,2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment I: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and petition the government for a redress of grievances.(Hamilton, A.,1775, The Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act gives the government the freedom to monitor religious and political institutions without just cause. The government also now has the authority to prosecute any type of record keeper if they reveal that the government has subpoenaed information from them for a terrorism Investigation. (Asian Tribune, [Hallstavik], June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment IV: The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause. Supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. (Hamilton, A., 1775, Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act of course now gives the US government to do just that. They may search and seize a citizen’s property without probable cause regardless of it pertinence to a terror investigation. (Asian Tribune [Hallstavik], June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment VI: In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which d istrict shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed at the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. (Hamilton, A., 1775, Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act has given the government the power to jail US citizens indefinitely without charge or trial, or even to confront the witnesses against them. Once labeled an â€Å"unlawful combatant†, the accused can and have been held without communication and denied their right to an attorney. When they are permitted the attorneys and housed in a federal prison, they lose the right to attorney/client privilege. The government now has the right to monitor those communications as well. (Asian Tribune [Hallstavik], June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Though there is one good point to the policy, which is: providing for victims of terrorism, public officers and their families. That is but a single clause in the policy that is for the people, the rest gives the government an overwhelming and undeniable control over the â€Å"American citizens rights and the means to continue and expand its control. In the summary, The USA Patriot Act: A Sketch, by Charles Doyle, which can be located at; http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21203.pdf ,a reader can clearly see that what the Bill of Rights gave us the Patriot Act takes away. Reading numerous articles and summaries of the act it is obvious that the American people should be concerned about just how much power the government is gaining, then giving to the military and agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The power the agencies have, have been a problem in the past as well. In 1975 the senate had selected a committee to oversee these agencies, primarily the FBI, which had been declared a vigilante organization. Focusing on suppressing groups from exercising their First Amendment rights, the FBI went with the theory that preventing the growth of a group would protect national security. The Patriot Act has basically nullified this committee, while granting the government agencies free reign. (Hentoff,N., December 17, 2001, Homeland Defense of the Constitution) Since the bombing in Oklahoma City on April 15, 1995, the government has attempted to do more to prevent another terrorist attack, and it began with the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. This in simplest terms takes the right of Habeus away from those convicted of terrorism. To file for Habeas Corpus is to petition for an early release and can be done repeatedly. The attack on the Twin Towers on 9-11 unfortunately has shaken the countries defense structure to it’s very core allowing for some rather irrational and extreme actions to be taken. Such as the US Patriot Act, this act was adopted as a sunset policy (meaning it would expire in four years). This was to enable the individual agencies to adapt and ascertain the effectiveness (Fritscher, L., November. 5, 2007.USA Patriot Act: Pros and Cons). This policy, which to congress an unprecedented 43 days to sign into law, was essentially formed to treamline communications between the agencies to provide easier means of investigation and surveillance. Other policies that are not so widely impacted have been passed as well. Policies such as, the National Defense Authorization Act, supplying these agencies the funding to continue. Preliminary research indicates a growing concern the government, and the agencies there of, are gaining too much power, and the aggressive use of this power is progressively eroding the individual American citizens’ privacy and civil liberties. How do the people know that the information gathered by various agencies is not being abused? What assurances can the government give that they won’t be? The security of a nation is a major concern to all Americans, but should there be a limit to what the government can do in the name of National Security. Problems with abuse of privilege have been an issue in the past as well. During the cold war the foreign Intelligence Act was introduced and passed requiring agents to obtain a warrant from a judge before they could intercept private conversations. To gain a warrant government lawyers had to have proof that an individual was a threat. In 2008 this act was revised enabling the procedures to be overlooked. In fact, the law was bypassed by the Bush administration in 2001 after the terrorist attack on 9-11. Individuals and organizations alike are attempting to sue the government in regards to the ongoing surveillance program. The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), stated that the, â€Å"people cannot sue unless they can show their calls were monitored.) Alas, the government will not reveal whose messages were intercepted, therefore no proof (Scalliger,C. May 21, 2012). Obviously, the odds are greatly against those who oppose the current policies. Individuals have come forward to attempt to inform the public of the actions of the government but to no avail. In 2007 an ex NSA employee reported that a program, codenamed Stellar Wind was already underway. Gathering information on millions of American citizens, the NSA gained access to more than 2.8 trillion billing records of domestic and international calls. All, without a warrant. At a later date Verizon joined the program multiplying the call rate five times over. Not only is the NSA and other agencies compiling dossiers on US citizens in these massive data bases, they also currently have the ability to eavesdrop in real-time. US citizens overseas are routinely intercepted when calling home to the states. No reason or warrant required (Hentoff, N., October 6, 2011). The reality is that unwarranted wiretaps are only the beginning. Other forms of spying on the average citizen are already being used. The Fourth Amendment was written to protect our rights to privacy, yet our own government officials a sidestepping these laws. Though the word privacy never actually appears in the Constitution, it would be difficult to say the fact that something of the meaning of the word has long been established in legal traditions. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word private as secluded from sight, presence or intrusion of others, to be confined to one person; personal (Mitrano, T., May 2012). A primary responsibility of the United States government is to protect the citizens and its resources against the threat of terrorism, and Americans appreciate the security they have, and at times have sacrificed liberties to protect it (Walker, B. and Rsachke, G., nd). But, in spite of the measures taken to protect its people the government is also harming their basic fundamental rights that this country has always been known for. So are the citizens of the United States to give up democracy for a governmental dictatorship for the sake of this safety. What’s in store for the next generation? References Asian Tribune [Hallstavik], (June 5, 2012), US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom, Retrieved from, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1018399742? Doyle, C., (April 19, 2008), Patriot Act: â€Å"A Sketch, Retrieved from, http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21203.pdf. Hamilton, A., (1775), Bill of Rights. Retrieved from, http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcripts.htm Hentoff, N., (December 17, 2001), Homeland Defense of the Constitution, The Washington Times, Retrieved from, http://scu.edu/ethics/publication/briefings/privacy.html Hentoff, N., (October 6, 2011), Lack of Privacy, becoming normal? The Fort Morgan Times, Retrieved from, http://search.proquest.com/docview/919661310? Mitrano, T., (December 2008), Civil Privacy and National Security Legislation: A Three- Dimensional View, Retrieved from http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/civil-privacy-and- national-security-legislation-three.htm Scalliger, C. (May 21, 2012), Knowing every bit about you. The New American issue 28, p. 10-16, Retrieved from, http://search.proquest.com/docview/1022039930? Walker, B. & Raschke, G., (nd) Right to Privacy vs. National Security, National Security for the 21st Century, Retrieved from, http://www.library.gatech.edu/security/privacy.htm

Benefits of Online Shopping

Benefits of Online Shopping: 1) Convenience: The convenience of this method of shopping is the best advantage of online shopping. One does not have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant is ready to help with the purchases. Shopping can be done in minutes even if one is busy apart from saving time and avoiding crowds. Online shops give the opportunity to shop 24 x 7 and also reward us with a ‘no pollution’ shopping. There is no better place to buy information products like e-books. Immediately after the payment is made one can download the information.And downloadable items purchased online eliminate the need for any kind of material goods at all. 2) Better Prices: The cheap deals and better prices we can get from online stores is fascinating because products come to you direct from the manufacturer or seller without middlemen involved. Many online shops offer discount coupons and rebates. Apart from this, the Online Store is only required to collect sales tax if they have a physical location in our state even if we buy from a store across the world. ) Variety: The choices you can get for products are amazing. One can get several brands and products from different sellers at one place. You can get in on the latest international trends without spending money on airfare. When you shop online, you can shop from retailers in other parts of the country or even the world without being limited by geographic area. These stores offer a far greater selection of colors and sizes than you will find locally. ) Send Gifts: Online Shopping makes sending gifts to relatives and friends easy, no matter where ever they stay. Now there is no need of making distance an excuse for not sending a gift on occasions like Birthday, Wedding Anniversary, Marriage, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day etc. 5) Fewer Expenses: Many times when we opt for conventional shopping we tend to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses on things like eating ou t, traveling, impulsive shopping etc. ) Comparison of Prices: Online shops make comparison and research of products and prices possible. Online stores also give you the ability to share information and reviews with other shoppers who have first-hand experience with a product or retailer. 7) Crowds: Crowds force us to do a hurried shopping most of the time. Grumpy or irritating people and those who smell bad are a huge turn off. Crowds also create a problem when it comes to finding a parking place nearby where you want to shop and going back to your vehicle later loaded with shopping bags. ) Compulsive Shopping: Many times when we go out on Shopping we end up buying things which we do not require because of the shop keepers up selling skills. Sometimes we even compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops. 9) Buying Old or unused Stuff at low prices: Online Shops make it possible for us to buy old or unused stuff at rock bottom prices. If we want to buy anti ques there is no better options than online stores. 10) Discreet Purchases: Some things are better done in privacy. Online shops are also best for discreet purchases like adult toys, sexy lingerie and so on.

Mathematics for Early Childhood Education Coursework

Mathematics for Early Childhood Education - Coursework Example Consequently, it is the responsibility of the teachers and the parents to encourage and build the enthusiasm of children with regard to learning mathematics (California Department of Education, â€Å"Preschool Curriculum Framework†). The study intends to provide a guideline for parents, which will assist them to maximize the development of the children related to mathematics. Furthermore, the study will also explain the application of mathematical foundations and frameworks for its development. It will further provide an insight to teachers regarding the principles on partnering with the parents for mathematical development of a child. Correspondingly, this study will provide a reflective understanding of my learning along with findings with regard to mathematical development and its application. Young children naturally possess an inborn sense related to informal mathematics. In recent years, with the increasing evidences related to the mathematics capabilities of the children, it can be ascertained that they tend to absorb mathematical concepts from the surroundings at a very small age. This segment will provide a vivid description of the guidelines that are mentioned and framed for the parents. In this regard, it can be said that these guidelines will assist the parents to maximize the development of their children’s knowledge related to mathematics. In terms of mathematical development of children, there lie certain imperative guiding principles for the parents to follow. These guiding principles have been explained in the subsequent discussion (California Department of Education, â€Å"Preschool Curriculum Framework†). In recent surveys, it has been observed that young children are naturally competent, enthused and are interested in mathematics. They find it amusing to explore the mathematical concepts along with creative ideas. In this context, the parents must take initiatives to recognize the children’s

Slavery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Slavery - Research Paper Example Africans who were thought to have resistance to tropical diseases were outsourced to work on these areas with poor or no pay. In history, personal account on what happened in particular is usually the most reliable source. In such a scenario, individual’s personal account can be used to complement other form of literature that already exists. In several states of America, a personal account on what happened in period of slavery and period after has been taken from several people who gave first hand information on various ordeals that they went through. This paper seeks to analyze several individual accounts on slavery in Texas State. During this period, slaves did several jobs that were either in farms or in household.  The role of women was concentrated at home area while men work was majorly on farms. A personal account of Mary Armstrong gives us a proper description of the kind of work they were doing during the period of enslavement. Domestic chores included watering flo wers round the house without spilling a drop of water to unintended area. Additionally, the role of women was to take care of their master’s children and cleaning household things such as utensils. Women also played a significant role in the kitchen, as they were trusted cooks as Ellen accounts of Aunt Rachel. Based on Ellen Betts account, some women could also cut canes all day until midnight. Some women who were not fed properly could eat food that belonged to master children when left under their care. Men at some time acted as houseboys. Sterlin work was to lure the master to sleep and could take care of dining activities. Men could also take children to and from school. Moreover, Will Adams says that niggers were given a subordinate role. Majority of slaves had no skills and hence could not seek a formal employment1. Some slave owners showed some form of leniency when commanding the slaves on various chores while other slave owners mistreated their slaves with no mercy. Individual account gives an insight to various form of treatment that they went through in the period of slavery. Firstly, Armstrong talks of how mean the slave owners were at their time. This is because Cleveland’s were always beating their slaves. Moreover, the slaves were expected to perform chores to perfection, failure to which led to punishment. Armstrong’s sister was beaten to death at an age of nine month. This was a high level of inhumane act at this period of slavery. The little sister was beaten until blood oozed from body. Armstrong claims that Olivia treatment was lenient to the slaves. However, Armstrong says that slaves were forced to work on plantation during cold winter where wheat, barley, oats, and fruits were cultivated. Slaves were also sold to other plantation owners without their dues being paid which was illegal but slave owners disregarded this law. Moreover, family’s members were separated from each other when being sold to other slave traders. Husbands, wives, and children were sold to different traders. Since slaves could only be sold when strong and healthy, some slave traders who gave little food to slaves rubbed salt and vinegar on them to make it appear as if they had been fed good and were strong and healthy. Ellen says that slaves were accorded the same respect as dogs and cats and were therefore

CONTRACT LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CONTRACT LAW - Essay Example Consideration moves from the promisee, not the third party and thus the third party cannot sue upon the contract (Tweddle v Atkinson [1861]2. As imagined, this was done in the interest of certainty in law but it did have the potential of leading to unfairness for a party to whom the benefit was provided, such as that witnessed in Dunlop and Shanklin Pier v Detel Products3. This is where the Law Commission came in with its reforms in 1996. The resulting Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 brought into force that report of the Law Commission (1996) which allows third parties to enforce the contract and be able to sue for breaches subject to a few conditions. Needless to say, this brought forth a welcome wave of statutory protection for third parties which previously were entitled to benefits under that contract but still could not enforce it due to lack of consideration. Section 1 of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 provides that a third party may be able to enfo rce the terms of the contract if â€Å"the contract expressly provides that he may† (s.1(1)(a)) and â€Å"the term purports to confer a benefit on him† (s. 1(1)(b)) (except where on proper construction   of the contract it appears that the parties did not intend the term to be enforceable by the third party (s.1(2)). Thus if A agrees to pay C $100 on the performance of an obligation by B, C can enforce that payment if A fails to pay in breach. This was not the case earlier, as seen in Beswick v Beswick4 where the nephew made a contract with his uncle which involved payment of weekly maintenance to the aunt. The House of Lords held that Mrs. Beswick could not enforce the contract since she was not privy to it. In light of the Contract (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999 today, it is clear that the case would have been decided differently. The third party may also rely on exclusion clauses in order to protect its interest. However, simply conferring a benefit to the thi rd party may not be enough to grant him a right to sue. Where there is doubt as to whether the parties designed the agreement to avoid conferring a right to sue on the third party, s.1(2) applies and the courts will, on a proper construction of the contract, seek to determine the actual intention of the parties. This presents certain problems if the contract does not expressly state the intention of the parties. In Nisshin Shipping Co Ltd v Cleaves & Co Ltd [2003]5, the burden of proof to counter a right granted to a third party to sue under s.1(2) was placed on the party that alleges that such a right has been wrongfully applied (as per Colman J). Thus, in a neutral contract, where there is no language barring the third party to sue, it would usually follow that the statute often grants a right to sue to the third party. This safeguards the third party a little too broadly, and it has been applied differently where the chain of sub-contracts is long. In cases where the contract con sist of sub-contracts that purport to confer a benefit to a third party, it is more likely for courts to construe that parties privy to a sub-contract lower down the chain did not intend to enable the third party benefitting under that contract to sue up the hierarchy the original contractor (see Junior Book v. Veitchi & Co Ltd [1983]6. Of course, it must be noted that the Act does not allow the right to a third party in all cases and the parties may explicitly bar him to sue on it. In addition, there must be some identification

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example Colins Computers (CC) made an offer to the general public that sought to invite them to subscribe to their computer maintenance services. It made this offer in writing through an advertisement that was placed in the local newspaper and on their website. Geoffs Gym (GG) is the offeree in this case owing to the fact that is spotted the advertisement and was interested in the services that Colin had to offer. It was in desperate need of the maintenance services that Colins Computers had to offer. The terms of the agreement were also clearly stated in the advertisement where they offered to service computers at a very competitive price of $1000.00 per month for 12 months. And if the new customers were to accept the offer promptly then they would reduce this monthly amount by $50. The terms of the offer also stated that in the event that a party was interested in their offer then they should communicate to the company directly through post, email or text before 8th June. These terms were put in place so that Colin Computers could schedule their plan of activities in advance. The reason for these terms was also very well stated. An offer will only be valid if it is not vague and it is not an invitation to treat. An offer must be made in a very clear manner with certainty before it can be enforced by the courts. Vagueness is established when the terms that have been expressed in the offer are too vague. An invitation to treat is realized in the case of display of goods in a shop and advertisements. These needs to be distinguished from offers being that the courts will not regard them are valid. In the case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots [1953] where the goods are displayed in a shop and it is intended that customers will enter the shop willingly and decide on what they want to buy. The contract in this case is not considered complete until the customer has indicated the

Compare and contrast absorption costing Assignment

Compare and contrast absorption costing - Assignment Example Absorption costing and Marginal costing are two such costing methods. They differ to quite an extent, however whether one method is better than the other depends largely on the situations in which they are applied and the underlying objectives of the businesses in which they are applied. Before looking at these two concepts in detail, it is appropriate to discuss the components that make up the ultimate cost of a good or service. The cost of something can be broadly broken up into fixed costs and variable costs.   Fixed costs are those costs that are incurred irrespective of the level of production. So for example, in a garment factory business, fixed costs would include the rent on the factory. This rent would largely be the same, irrespective of the volume of garments produced in that factory. On the other hand, the variable costs would include the costs of the materials used (‘direct material’), the daily wages of the staff producing the garments (‘direct labour’) and even perhaps the electricity charges on the machines used (‘direct variable overheads’). These costs increase directly with the volume of production. More garments being produced would mean more fabric being used, more people being employed or the same people being employed for longer and machines using more electricity by being worked for longer or at higher capacities. This method is also called the full costing method. As the terminology implies, under this method, the full cost of the good or service is used in arriving at the cost per unit. ‘Full costs’ mean that both the variable costs and the fixed costs are included in the calculation of cost per unit. That is, this method does not differentiate between them-all the manufacturing costs are included. In the garment factory example mentioned above, this would mean that in addition to

Religion - Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion - Hinduism - Essay Example By the term ‘reincarnation’, it is believed by the Hindus that the soul is eternal and it lives several lifetimes. It is further believed that the soul at times is born in the human body, at times in the animal body and often in the plant body (Holisticonline, â€Å"Reincarnation, Samsara and Karma†). Hinduism states that not only the divine reincarnations like Lord Krishna but also the pure minded saints can remember their past reincarnations. It is further believed that reincarnation provides the person with the opportunity to evolve spiritually through different important experiences that he receives during his reincarnation. He may even reach the process of realizing God. The person in this stage is called a liberated soul (Bhaskaranada, â€Å"The Vedanta Society of Western Washington†).... The effects of the Karma are evident when the person is reincarnated. This can be explained with the help of an illustration. One child may be born blind while the other may be born with a perfect body. Now, one may say that it has happened according to God’s will. However, in this note it can be said that according to Hinduism the child has born blind because of the bad deeds conducted by him in his previous incarnations. It’s the stored up Karmaphala of the person’s past birth that has caused blindness in this birth. In order to get rid of Karma or to reduce the effects of bad karma, it would be advisable to perform activities without expecting the outcome of the actions. In order to release from the Karma, it would also be better to realize God. Hinduism states that the definitive solution to life’s basic problem is to be freed from Karma and achieve freedom from the cycle of rebirth. Idea of Reincarnation The idea that reincarnation generally takes pla ce because of the unfulfilled desire really makes sense. This is so because when the people die with certain strong unfulfilled desires that can only be fulfilled on earth, then it leads to the reincarnation of that soul. Difficulties All the souls have the opportunity to experience life in different forms, i.e. either in a human body or animal and plant body. This concept of rebirth is quite difficult to understand because a human soul cannot take the form of animal or plant. For instance, a mango seed will yield a mango tree and not an apple tree. Possibilities of Continued Existence There are possibilities of continued existence of the reincarnation according to the Hindu belief. The theories have revealed that in order to accomplish the desire that was

Multi-Layer Machine Learning Approach to FOREX Thesis Proposal

Multi-Layer Machine Learning Approach to FOREX - Thesis Proposal Example According to Gearman and Freund, the ADT approach helps to select the best combination of rules derived from well known technical analysis indicators and we shall be in a position to select the best parameters of the technical indicators. The online learning layer will combine the output of several ADTs incorporated into the system and may eventually suggest a position that will be either short or long. We shall also have a risk management layer that will responsible for the validation of the trading signals at the instance it exceeds a predetermined specific non-zero threshold. The FOREX market is now having most of its transactions being conducted electronically therefore transforming it into a typical electronic market. Many of their customers within the currency exchange market who seek its services are now relying on automated trading systems in order to process large amounts of information and make instantaneous investment decisions regardless of where they are within the global. Performance of technical trading strategies may try to exploit statistical measurable short term market opportunities such as trend spotting and momentum in the foreign currency exchange. Lo, Mamasky, and Wang in their study, used non parametric regressions in order to recognize the technical patterns of large stocks in the trade market. Their findings were that technical indicators usually provide increased information for investors enabling them to compare the unconditional empirical distribution of daily stock returns to the conditional distribution on specific technical indicators. This plays a big role in helping them make informed decisions based on the identified market trends. M. Dempster, T. W. Payne, Y. Romahi, and G. Thompson (2001) in their study did a comparison of some four methods that are applicable in foreign exchange trading which included reinforcement learning, genetic algorithms,

Bob Knowlton Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bob Knowlton analysis - Case Study Example Knowlton felt threatened because Fester was quick to spot problems, knew about things that he had barely studied at the lab, and could single handedly solve huge problems- some of which had been abandoned long time back. Fester was intelligent, confident and secure but what Bob failed to see was that he was a poor team player. How Fester Threatened Knowlton: From day one, Fester made it clear that he had immense knowledge. He told Knowlton he could tell what his project was about by simply looking at the graphs. Knowlton was quick to acknowledge this when he met Jerrold the next day. Fester was introduced to other members of the team and went right ahead to tell Link, the mathematician, what he was doing wrong. Fester challenged the group thinking, believing it only led to mediocrity. Knowlton had always believed in group-thinking and Fester had suddenly come up with solutions single handedly which made Knowlton question the efficacy of group thinking. Fester would often come up with analysis and scientific knowledge that Knowlton was unaware of. Instead of helping Knowlton understand what he was talking about, Fester would enthusiastically go on explaining his theories expecting everyone to already know what he was talking about. This gave him a superior status while everyone else felt inferior to him. During one meeting, he challenged Link's way of thinking and offered solution to a problem that Link had long abandoned feeling that it could not be solved. Fester also pointed out the weaknesses in various experiments and experimenting method and claimed that if this method were followed, resulted would be inconclusive. Fester's... This paper presents Bob Knowlton’s strengths. Bob Knowlton had been working with Simmons Laboratories for two years and had been made project head only recently. He was a leader whom people loved and respected. He had a good relationship with company’s head, Mr. Jerrold. He was a capable leader who would enjoy developing relationships with others and encouraged group thinking. He felt that while there were some problems that could not be solved by group thinking, in most cases, the ideas that emerged from such an approach were helpful. Knowlton had been promoted when he had accidentally stumbled on the idea of photon reactor. Knowlton was hardworking and enjoyed staying late in the office. This helped him find some quiet time to think over various problems and to assess project’s progress. He was a man with a traditional yet highly admired style of leadership. The paper also demonstrated Knowlton’s mistake. Knowlton was felt so threatened by Fester that he totally blinded himself to his obvious flaws. Had Knowlton been more secure and sure of himself, he would have talked to Jerrold and pointed those flaws. It would have then become easier to see that Fester could never replace Knowlton as the leader because Knowlton was a true team player- a key trait of a good leader and a pre-requisite for becoming a leader in the first place. Bob Knowlton should have focused on his own strengths as a leader. He already knew that he couldn’t possibly know about everything but he was a good leader who could use his people’s strengths to his advantage.

Psychology Exercise Essay Example for Free

Psychology Exercise Essay A research question was proposed to a student asking why teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention early in the morning when compared to that of younger children. After carefully considering the evidence in each choice option, the following were ranked in order the most convincing to the least convincing: 1. Thirty well-designed studies published in prestigious journals have discovered that melatonin; a hormone involved in sleep is secreted by the body of teenagers at a different point in the sleep-wake cycle than it is for young children and adults. 2. A nutrition expert, appearing on Good Morning America, stated that she believes teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention than younger children because, as she learned in her interviews with students of all ages, the teenagers were more likely to skip breakfast. 3. After overhearing many teenagers talking about why they struggle with paying attention early in the morning, it provided a good understanding for the problem. 4. Twenty well-controlled experiments published in prestigious journals strongly suggest a cause for why teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention early in the morning than do younger children. 5. Two well-controlled experiments published in a prestigious journal suggest a cause for why teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention early in the morning than do younger children. 6. After a recent airing of a story on the news show Dateline on NBC about some people being morning people and others being night people, Channel 5 asked viewers to call in the reasons they have difficulty focusing attention in the morning. Two reasons were given most frequently, and those reasons were presented on that night’s local news. 7. A relative has a hunch. The decision to give the aforementioned reasons the rank in which they received was based fully on the evidence presented in each statement. Items 1-3 indicated a true correlation between the proposed question and the stated reason and personal understanding. Items 4 and 5 could have been credible sources, but they were absent the findings in the statement offered. Item 6 was not a source focused on the study of teenagers, but rather its research was done on a PSYCHOLOGY 3 broad level. Finally, item 7 did not come from someone with credibility nor did it possess any scientific verification to back up any reasoning. Also, it did not contain a valid reason pertaining to the question at hand. There were only two reasons suggested that contained factual evidence that were believable and credible (Shohov, 2004). Items 1 and 2 proposed that research in relation to the proposed question had been carefully and scientifically performed. Item 1 declared that thirty well-designed studies had been performed concluding that a specific hormone was believed to be the cause for a teenager’s inability to focus early in the morning. These studies had also been published in prestigious journals. Item 2 aired on a publically respected early morning news broadcast. The finder-of-fact was an expert nutritionist who had conducted many interviews on children of all ages. Her conclusions were drawn based on answers voluntarily given by the interviewed teenagers. Her findings concluded that teenagers skipping breakfast had more difficulty focusing early in the morning. Both of these suggested reasons offered a definitive answer to the proposed question, and they bore evidence to support their findings (Shohov, 2004). References Shohov, S. (2004). Advances in psychology research, volume 17. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Sociology Research Essay Example for Free

Sociology Research Essay Sexism is also known as  gender discrimination  or  sex discrimination, is defined as prejudice or discrimination based on sex; or behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex. Sexism is a form of discrimination or devaluation based on a persons sex, with such attitudes being based on beliefs in traditional stereotypes of gender roles. The term  sexism  is most often used in relation to discrimination against women, in the context of patriarchy. Sexism involves hatred of or prejudice towards a gender as a whole or the application of gender stereotypes. Sexism is often associated with gender-supremacy arguments. Gender stereotypes A 1952 magazine feature stereotyping women drivers. Gender stereotypes are widely held beliefs about the characteristics and behavior of women and men. Gender stereotypes are not only descriptive, but also prescriptive beliefs about how men and women should be and behave. Members of either sex who deviate from prescriptive gender stereotypes are punished; assertive women, for example, are called bitches whereas men who lack physical strength are seen as wimps. Empirical studies have found widely shared cultural beliefs that men are more socially valued and more competent than women at most things, as well as specific assumptions that men are better at some particular tasks (e. g. , mechanical tasks) while women are better at others (e. g. , nurturing tasks). For example,  Fiske  and colleagues surveyed nine diverse samples, from different regions of the United States, and found that members of these samples, regardless of age, consistently rated the category men higher than the category women on a multidimensional scale of competence. Gender stereotypes can facilitate and impede intellectual performance. For instance,  stereotype threat  can lower womens performance on mathematics tests due to the stereotype that women have inferior quantitative skills compared with men. Stereotypes can also affect the assessments people make of their own competence. Studies found that specific stereotypes (e. g. , women have lower mathematical ability) affect women’s and men’s perceptions of their abilities (e. g. , in math and science) such that men assess their own task ability higher than women performing at the same level. These biased self-assessments have far-reaching effects because they can shape men and women’s educational and career decisions. Gender stereotypes are sometimes applied at an early age. Various interventions were reviewed including the use of fiction in challenging gender stereotypes. For example, in a study by A. Wing, children were read  Bills New Frock  by  Anne Fine. The content of the book was discussed with them. Children were able to articulate, and reflect on, their stereotypical constructions of gender and those in the world at large. There was evidence of children considering the different treatment that boys and girls receive, and of classroom discussion enabling stereotypes to be challenged. Sexist and gender-neutral language Research has found that the use of  he  as a generic pronoun evokes a disproportionate number of male images and excludes thoughts of women in non gender-specific instances. Results also suggest that while the plural  they  functions as a generic pronoun for both males and females, males may comprehend  he/she  in a manner similar to  he, as  he  usually is placed before the dash and  she  after. This is usually done because the word  she  already contains the word  he  so it is positioned after the dash. It also has nothing to do with stereotypical gender roles. Nearing the end of the 20th century, there is a rise in gender-neutral language in western worlds, which is often attributed to the rise of  feminism. Gender-neutral language  is the avoidance of  gender-specific job titles, non parallel usage, and other usage that is considered by some to be sexist. Supporters claim that having gender–specific titles and gender–specific pronouns either implies a systemic bias to exclude individuals based on their gender or else as unnecessary in most cases as race-specific pronouns, religion-specific pronouns, or persons-height-specific pronouns. Some of those who support gender-specific pronouns assert that promoting gender-neutral language is a kind of semantics injection itself. Anthropological linguistics and gender-specific language Unlike the  Indo-European languages  in the west, for many other  languages  around the world,  gender-specific pronouns  are a recent phenomenon that occurred around the early 20th century. As a result of  colonialism, cultural revolution occurred in many parts of the world with attempts to modernize and westernize by adding gender-specific pronouns and animate-inanimate pronouns to local languages. This resulted in the situation of what was  gender-neutral pronouns  a century ago suddenly becoming gender–specific. (See for example  Gender-neutrality in languages without grammatical gender: Turkish. ) Gender-specific pejorative terms Gender–specific pejorative terms intimidate or harm another person because of their gender. Sexism can be expressed in a pseudo–subtle manner through the attachment of terms which have negative gender oriented implications  such as through  condescension. Many examples include swear words. A mildly vulgar example is the uninformative attribution of the term hag for a woman or fairy for a man. Although hag and fairy both have non-sexist interpretations, when they are used in the context of a gender–specific pejorative term these words become representations of sexist attitudes. The relationship between rape and misogyny Research into the factors which motivate perpetrators of  rape  against a specific gender, for example, women, frequently reveals patterns of hatred of said gender and pleasure in inflicting psychological and/or physical trauma, rather than sexual interest. Researchers have argued that rape is not the result of pathological individuals, but rather systems of male dominance, cultural practices and beliefs that objectify and degrade women. Mary Odem, Jody Clay-Warner and Susan Brownwiller consider sexist attitudes to be propagated by a series of myths about rape and rapists. They state that contrary to those myths, rapists often plan a rape before they choose a victim and that acquaintance rape  is the most common form of rape rather than assault by a stranger. Odem also states that these rape myths propagate sexist attitudes about men by perpetuating the thought that men cannot control their sexuality. In response to  acquaintance rape, the Men Can Stop Rape movement has been implemented. The US military has started a similar movement with the tagline My strength is for defending. Occupational sexism Occupational sexism refers to any  discriminatory  practices, statements, actions, etc. based on a persons  sex  that are present or occur in a place of  employment. One form of occupational sexism is  wage discrimination. In 2008, the  Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development  (OECD) found that while female employment rates have expanded considerably and the gender employment and wage gaps have narrowed virtually everywhere, on average, women still have 20% less of a chance to have a job and are paid 17% less than men. Moreover, the report stated: [In] many countries, labor market  discrimination  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ i. e. the unequal treatment of equally productive individuals only because they belong to a specific group – is still a crucial factor inflating disparities in employment and the quality of job opportunities [ ] Evidence presented in this edition of the  Employment Outlook  suggests that about 8% of the variation in gender employment gaps and 30% of the variation in gender wage gaps across OECD countries can be explained by discriminatory practices in the labour market. The report also found that despite the fact that almost all OECD countries, including the U. S. have established anti-discrimination laws, these laws are difficult to enforce. Gender stereotypes Gender roles  (or sex roles) are attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex. A culture that defines males as ambitious and competitive encourages them to seek out positions of leadership and play team sports. To the extent that females are defined as deferential and emotional, they are expected to be supportive helpers and quick to show their feelings. According to the  OECD, womens labor market behavior is influenced by learned cultural and social values that may be thought to discriminate against women (and sometimes against men) by stereotyping certain work and life styles as male or female. Further, the OECD argues that womens educational choices may be dictated, at least in part, by their expectations that [certain] types of employment opportunities are not available to them, as well as by gender stereotypes that are prevalent in society. There is a long record of women being excluded from participation in many professions. Often, women have gained entry into a previously male profession only to be faced with additional obstacles. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to receive an M. D. in the  United States  and  Myra Bradwell, the first female lawyer in the state of  Illinois, illustrate the prevalence of women being excluded from certain professions and the changing culture. Professional discrimination continues today according to studies done by  Cornell University  and others. Some have hypothesized that gender bias has been influencing which scientific research gets published. This hypothesis coincides with a test conducted at the  University of Toronto  led by Amber Budden. The study showed that, in the journal  Behavioral Ecology, after implementation of double-blind review in which both the author and reviewer identity is concealed, there was an increase of 7. 9% in the number of papers authored by women. This was more than three times the increase of female ecology graduate students in the United States. In addition, women frequently earn significantly lower wages than their male counterparts who perform the same job. In the U. S. , for example, women earn an average of 23. 5% less than men. In 1833, women working in factories earned only one-quarter of mens wages, and in 2007, womens median annual paychecks reflected only $0. 78 for every $1. 00 earned by men. A study showed women comprised 87% of workers in the child care industry and 86% of the health aide industry. Some experts believe that parents play an important role in the creation of values and perceptions of their children. The fact that many girls are asked to help their mothers do housework, while many boys do technical tasks with their fathers, seems to influence their behavior and can sometimes discourage girls from performing such tasks. Girls will then think that each gender should have a specific role and behavior. A 2009 study found that being overweight harms womens career advancement but presents no barrier for men. Overweight  or  obese  women were significantly under-represented among company bosses, whereas a significant proportion of male executives were overweight or obese. The author of the study stated that the results suggest that the glass ceiling effect on womens advancement may reflect not only general negative stereotypes about the competencies of women, but also weight bias that results in the application of stricter appearance standards to women. Overweight women are evaluated more negatively than overweight men. There is a tendency to hold women to harsher weight standards. At other times, there are accusations that some traditionally female professions have been or are being eliminated by its roles being subsumed by a male dominated profession. The assumption of baby delivery roles by doctors with the subsequent decline of  midwifery  is sometimes claimed to be an example. Wage gap [pic] Euro stat  found a persisting gender pay gap of 17. 5% on average in the 27  EU Member States  in 2008. Similarly, the OECD  found that female full-time employees earned 17% less than their male counterparts across OECD countries in 2009. In the U. S. , the female-to-male earnings ratio was 0. 77 in 2009, meaning that, in 2009, female full-time, year round (FTYR) workers earned 77% as much as male FYTR workers. Womens earnings relative to mens fell from 1960 to 1980 (from 60. 7 percent to 60. 2%) and then rose rapidly from 1980 to 1990 (from 60. 2% to 71. 6%), and less rapidly from 1990 to 2000 (from 71. 6% to 73. 7%) and from 2000 to 2009 (from 73. 7% to 77. 0%). At the time when the first  Equal Pay Act  was passed in 1963, female full-time workers earned 58. 9% as much as male full-time workers. The gender pay gap has been attributed to differences in personal and workplace characteristics between women and men (education, hours worked, occupation etc. as well as direct and indirect discrimination in the labor market (gender stereotypes, customer and employer bias, etc. ). Studies always find that some portion of the gender pay gap remains unexplained even after controlling factors that are assumed to influence earnings. The unexplained portion of the wage gap is attributed to gender discrimination. The estimates for the discriminatory component of the gender pay gap vary widely. The OECD estimated that approximately 30% of the gender pay gaps across OECD countries is due to discrimination. Australian research shows that discrimination accounts for approximately 60% of the wage differentials between women and men. Studies examining the gender pay gap in the United States  show that large parts of the wage differential remain unexplained even after controlling for factors that affect pay. One study examined college graduates and found that the portion of the pay gap that remains unexplained after all other factors are taken into account is 5% one year after graduating college and 12% 10 years after graduation. Research done at  Cornell University  and elsewhere indicates that mothers are less likely to get hired than equally qualified fathers and, if hired, would be paid a lower salary than male applicants with children. The  OECD  found that a significant impact of children on women’s pay is generally found in the United Kingdom and the United States. ]  Fathers, on the other hand, earn  $7,500 more on average that than men without children. Glass ceiling The term glass ceiling is used to describe a perceived barrier to advancement based on discrimination, particularly gender discrimination. In academic achievement, great improvements have been made. However, as of 1995 in the United States, women received about half of all Masters degrees, but 95 to 97% of the senior managers of Fortune 1000 Industrial and Fortune 500 companies were male and in the Fortune 2000 Industrial and service companies, only 5% of senior managers were women. The  United Nations  asserts progress in bringing women into leadership and decision making positions around the world remains far too slow. Objectification Some argue that  sexual objectification  is a form of sexism. Some countries, such as  Norway  and  Denmark, have laws against sexual objectification in advertising. Nudity itself is not banned, and nude people can be used to advertise a product, but only if they are relevant to what is being advertised. Sol Olving, head of Norways Kreativt Forum, an association of the countrys top advertising agencies, explained, You could have a naked person advertising shower gel or a cream, but not a woman in a bikini draped across a car. Sexism in the Workplace Sexism in education is clearly associated with sexism in the workplace. When women are expected to â€Å"stay in the home,† they are unable to access the necessary educational resources to compete with men in the job market. If by chance they are able to secure a position, women may be less prepared educationally for the task, and thus draw lower wages. In recent decades more women have entered the United States workforce. After WWII (from about 1947), about 30 percent of women were employed outside the home; today, at the start of the 21st century, the figure is well over 50 percent. (Some estimates approach 75 percent if â€Å"part-time† jobs are included. Yet women are far from treated equally on the job. Typically, they hold lower-paying, lower-status jobs than men. In fact, women may account for only 25 percent of the upper-level managers in large corporations. And although half of the employees in the largest, most prestigious firms around the United States may be women, perhaps as few as 5 percent or less actually hold senior positions. In general, women are under-represented in the higher-status, higher-paying occupations, such as university teaching, law, engineering, and medicine. In contrast, women are over-represented in the lower-paying occupations, such as public-school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. In stereotypical female jobs, referred to as  womens ghettos, women are subordinate to the positions of men. For example, executives supervise secretaries who are likely to be women, and lawyers supervise paralegals, who are also likely to be women. Women in the same jobs as men usually earn less, even though these women may have the same or better training, education, and skills. As a general statistic, women make only 60 percent or less than men in comparable positions. Why this disparity? Sociologists speculate that, in some cases, the fact that women often must take time off to have and raise children interrupts their career path. As much as Americans may hate to admit it, women in the United States still bear the primary responsibilities of child-rearing. Conflicting demands may partly explain why married women with children are more likely to leave their jobs than are childless and single women. Also, men are seen as the â€Å"chief bread winners,† so the belief is that they should be paid more than women in order to support their families. Whatever the reason, paying women less than men for equally demanding work is discrimination.

Operation Management in Hard Rock Cafe

Operation Management in Hard Rock Cafe 39 years has passed, which creates a fascinating history for one of 100 greatest brand in the world Hard Rock Cafe. Since its establishment in 1971, Hard Rock Cafe has expanded in over 51 countries with 133 Hard Rock Cafes and 15 Hotels / Casinos. The great success relies on many many factors but the core one we can not deny is its changing strategy. Hard Rock Cafe took a shift of serving, from serving food with entertainment to serving food with experience. Based on its direction, its operation strategy is defined to providing experience. Regarding to 10 operation management strategy decisions like Design of Goods and Services, Managing Quality, Process strategy, Location Strategies, Human Resources, Supply Chain Management, Inventory Management, Scheduling and Maintenance, in the long road of development, Hard Rock Cafe has obtained respected achievements in all fields. The world recoginses its reputation and most of us heartly admize it. I myself can not ignore the stories of Hard Rock Cafe eventhough it has not opened in HaNoi where I am living. The story of its changing strategy from times, the story: of its living museum, of its greatest brands, of its employees.step by step take me to the places of Hard Rock Cafe. Sometimes the place is too far and sometimes the place is too near me. It is that those places and stories there help me get different views of Hard Rock Cafe. Based on my knowledge, understanding and research that I am having now, I take some good points and some not good points to give my own views of Hard Rock Cafe. There will be opposite points that is viewed in the concept of analyzing one operation management decision not only in theory but also in reality. The following operation management decisions take my interests and my thoughts. The design of Goods and Services. The outstanding point of designing goods and services in Hard Rock Cafe is DIFFERENTATION. According to Anthony Henry (Understanding Strategic Management 2008), A differentiation strategy is based on an organization producing products or services which are perceived by customers as unique or different, Hard Rock Cafe has built Living museums of Rock experienced by its customers who are in love of Rock. One cafe with its differentiation mainly is that Rocks collection including customes, instruments, piece of music, CDs, souvernirs of the greatest artists like Eric Clapton, Bruce Springsteen The E Street Band, Pearl Jam, Neil Young, John Lennon, Jimi Hendrixà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.That living museums are always updated and becoming more and more fascinating to customers with its memorabilia (more than 70, 000 pieces) from the hottest musical artists of the last 50 years. Besides its differentiation, it is recognized that Hard Rock Cafe is a typical symbol of Product concept method a new tool of marketing. Hard Rock Cafe is a combination of experiences, styles, entertainment, awareness of sharing and memories. All products mentioned above are defined in specific, which creates unforgettable experience for its customers. Hard Rock Cafes customers, in fact it is so hard to call them customers as they are members in Hard Rock family, create the style for Hard Rock. Once they come to Hard Rock, a truly deep impression would leave on them. Love all Serve all A guilding service philosophy creates a special place where you or anyone would be respected, regardless of age, sex or class. The place where all express their love for music one international language. The language which gives us more understanding and narrows the gap among strangers. Not only love for music but also love for humans, love for serving humans. In service industry, Hard Rock Cafe created the high connection point between its employees and its customers. Lay out strategy Before discussing Lay out strategy of Hard Rock Cafe, we should look at some pictures of Hard Rock Shop in Ho Chi Minh City. About 48% of a typical cafes sales are from merchandise quoted in Page 83 Principles of Operations Management 2008 by Jay Heizer and Barry Render, this number has shown the success of Hard Rock shops. It has changed its strategy from times, which adapts to the movements of the global. The world has witnessed great achievement of Wal Mart, McDonalds, HSBCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.in retail field. Here it gained 48% of revenue through merchandise, which reveals the growth of retail in Hard Rock. What creates the success? One part of the answer you will find in Layout Strategy of Hard Rock Cafe. Each Hard Rock Cafe has its own Rock shop designed in Retail layout an approach that addresses flow, allocates space and responds to customer behavior quoted in Page 83 Principles of Operations Management 2008 by Jay Heizer and Barry Render. Looking at some pictures above, you can see that one small space display numerous of items like hats, T-shirts, shoes, gifts, picturesthat attract customers. Customers not only are fascinated by items in the shop but also are impressed by the light, the color Black and Red. The combination between Black and Red or the symbol of luxury and attraction calls for purchasing action of customers. Quality Management Hard Rock Cafe establishes its quality standards and takes controls to meet these standards. We will look at some points of quality management in Hard Rock Cafe. Responding to customers needs, taste and expectations, Hard Rock Cafe menus are continuously upgraded and service has been changed. To assess the quality of food and service, it regularly conducts surveys. In the survey, scoring method is used to classify the quality. If the evaluating score of food and service is not up to 7, it will fails. In my opinion, quality management following the method shows strictness, clearness and fair. Hard Rock Cafe also takes advantages of technology to ensure the quality of products and services. Chris Tomasso Vice President of Hard Rock updates monthly Microsoft Project. In a real case, to ensure the performance of the rock concert on time, Chris Tomasso gave customers anticipated surprise. The helicopter was used to take the band in, which overcome an unexpected traffic jam. It was the back-up plan that Microsoft Project had put Chris Tomassos ideas into reality. Moreover, techniques and software support Hard Rock s managers to maintain efficient schedule, to estimate budget performance, to estimate time service, to daily forecast sales, to allocate workforce and to give bonusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.All the things have been done in professional way to meet the standard of the quality management. Regarding to quality management, whenever and wherever, Hard Rock Cafe opens a new cafe, all of us take opportunity to enjoy live musical performances. In opening celebrations in Las Vegas and in Ho Chi Minh City, the shows of Chris Cornell and DMC respectively created a high energy atmosphere and overspread the excitement not only for rock lovers but also for the youth, for the people working in entertainment industry. Through it, we deeply understand how great and strong Hard Rock is. Human Resources In a company, especially in a big corporate like Hard Rock Cafe, there is a lot of tasks for Human Resources Department. Besides the job of recruitment, maintaining, training, creating career development and personal growth, the challenging task Human Resources takes is to providing a nice working environment for employees. According to Hard Rock careers, This place is revolutionaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Why? Because you can be who you are because who you are defines you, the employees are highly respected. Beyond on my understanding, Hard Rock Cafe is creating a working environment in which each of us takes opportunity to prove ourselves and to promote our career path. It is so wise to do that, to attract job-seekers and to create a competitive advantage for Hard Rock Cafe. In October 2010, according to BBC News dated on 13 October 2010 50 jobs at risk as Cardiff Hard Rock Cafe closes. If I were one employee of Hard Rock Cafe Cardiff, clearly, I would be in an unexpected situation as it has closed suddenly as staff prepared to celebrate its seventh birthday. One question here is that whether Hard Rock Cafes employees in Cardiff location are trully informed timely or not? Some employees may find another jobs, some employees may transfer to other Hard Rock cafe in London, Dublin, Edinburgh, Manchester, some employees may be unemployeed. I myself wonder the real case would get any support from Human Resources of Hard Rock Cafe. Furthermore, in Human Resource strategy of Hard Rock, outstanding pay and benefits are a start quoted in Principles of Operations Management 2008 of Jay Heizer and Barry Render Page 445, is an attracting invitation to employees. Honestly, you and I try our best to work for high income, and it is the same for the others or for the employees of Hard Rock. However, in one article posted on BBC News Hard Rock wages below minimum by Martin Shankleman Business correspondent dated on 18 July, 2008, we should seriously consider Human Resources Strategy and its implementation. In this article, the unnamed waiter of Hard Rock said Its an abuse of customers they are being misled in that they believe they are giving a tip when they are subsiding the actual wage. One question raises in my mind, in fact, there is a big gap between outstanding pay and the wage? In the article mentioned above, Its almost insulting, no wonder people leave said the waiter. In my understanding, people leave it means the employees of Hard Rock had given up their jobs. The reason for them to leave is unreasonable pay? I wonder where the point of outstanding pay is. If I read one article in one book, If I saw only things written on Hard Rock website, I would take only one side of the coin or I would see one thing in one direction without arguments, without feedback, without consideration. In general, regarding to 4 operation management decisions (Product and Services Design, Lay out Strategy, Quality Management and Human Resources) I am taking in consideration, the different views are discussed and analyzed in some aspects. Some give us a perfect model of Hard Rock Cafe in operation management. That we highly respect and admire the achievement, the improvement and the innovation of the world leading Corporate. In the other side, we still see some not good points of Hard Rock. In fact, those points may be in argument, may be unresolved, which leads us researching and discovering in reality through our own experience. Only taking a real experience gives us the whole picture with light and shade, with color of black and white, with ideas and the real life. HARD ROCK CAFE HANOI 16 Dec 2009 was one day marking the step of Hard Rock Cafe in VietNam, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City. Hard Rock Cafe Ho Chi Minh is run by Viet Thai International (VTI) the owner of Highland Cafe. Based on its statement The Best of Both Worlds, VTI develops Hard Rock brand following VietNamese tradition. Based on the information I have got throung internet (www.toursvietnam.net), articles, Hard Rock Cafe is not populated. There are so many people asking for raising Hard Rock Cafe Ho Chi Minhs quality standard. Customers there concern too much its price. The problems may face Hard Rock Cafe Ho Chi Minh in developing its business. Those are some views of Hard Rock Cafe Ho Chi Minh. And what about the future of Hard Rock Cafe coming to HaNoi? The youth and rock lovers in HaNoi keep their ears to the ground as it is coming in HaNoi in 2011? What are waiting for Hard Rock Cafe HaNoi? What are the opportunities and challenges for it? OPPORTUNITIES are regarded as an attractive call for Hard Rock Cafe expanding in HaNoi. Hard Rock Cafe will take opportunity to meet the demand of the young population in HaNoi. In 2010, according to General Statistic Office of VietNam, the population in HaNoi is 6.5 million and the number will increase to 7.7 million in 2015. Moreover, most of the population is in the age of working and average personal income is estimated up to USD 4,300 / year. All the numbers creates the great demand for entertainment in HaNoi today and tomorrow. Another point we shoud not miss is that from times, HaNoi youth changes their lifestyle and consumer behavior. The night of 12th November witnessed the youth HaNoi burn themselves with rock. At the night, Tiger Translate Metropolis 2010 gave an impressive show to fan rock in HaNoi. It was a sleepless night of HaNoi youth. We can imagine how expectable and excited the youth welcome Hard Rock Cafe in HaNoi. Due to young population of VietNam and particularly in HaNoi, Hard Rock Cafe may take the advantage of labor cost. The average personal income in HaNoi is around USD 2,000 2,500 / year, which is a big gap comparing to personal income in London or other cities. The income shows how cheap the labor is in HaNoi. Simply, Hard Rock Cafe can balance the cost the benefit. Locally, in comparison with labor in Ho Chi Minh, labor cost in HaNoi is lower than in Ho Chi Minh. Regarding labor cost, HaNoi offers Hard Rock Cafe a very favorable condition. According to Smart Travel Aisa A travel magazine, HaNoi is voted one of 10 attractive tourist destinations in Asia. In 2010, HaNoi has welcomed 1.4 million tourists and the number will go up more, especially in the hope of the worlds economy recovery. During 39 years, Hard Rock Cafes winning strategy is to expand to destination cities. Hard Rock Cafe would not miss the chance of doing business in HaNoi one destination cities in Aisa. In fact, HaNoi residents expect more new kinds of entertainment to attract domestic tourists from other provinces in the North of VietNam. Hard Rock Cafe will gain much benefit with new one in HaNoi from its foreign and domestic toursists. In 2013, according to the report of PriceWaterhouseCoopers about the Prospect for Entertainment and Communications Industry, VietNam will achieve USD 2.3 billion of market value. The report estimate the growth of Entertainment and Communication Industry: 16.7% the highest level. The growth create chances for Hard Rock Cafe and service industry in VietNam. Based on its software and computered programs, it is not difficult for Hard Rock Cafe to estimate potential earnings.Both entertainment industry in VietNam and service of Hard Rock Cafe take benefits of each other and support themselves for development and growth. VietNam has strengths of exporting cafe, textile and agriculture foods. All the things create a strong supply chain for Hard Rock Cafe to choose. One of supply chain strategies Hard Rock Cafe may define is negotiating with many suppliers quoted in Page 457 of Principles of Operations Management by Jay Heizer and Barry Render. Opening a new one in HaNoi, Hard Rock Cafe has in hand numerous of ingredient suppliers. It is so clear that Hard Rock Cafe takes a lot of advantages from them. Cheap and diversified ingredient is one advantage. Another is the long-term commitment of those suppliers because of fierce competition among them. One another is updating menus that satisfy customerstastes and local culture. Opportunities and challenges play as two sides of the coin. One side we should look at to take chances just in time for creating advantage of doing business. In business, we try to search for opportunities of increasing profit, opportunities of expanding market share, opportuinities of remaining our power, our positionComplying with them, challenges continuously occur and force us to be awared of and to overcome. What CHALLENGES are for Hard Rock Cafe with a new one in HaNoi? There is a clear difference between culture of the North and the South, between personality of the Northerners and the Southerners, between life style in HaNoi and lifestyle in Ho Chi Minh. People in HaNoi is more conservative than those in Ho Chi Minh. For a new one, it takes a little longer time to accept, experience and like it. It can be said that conservativeness typifies personality of the Northerners. Because of conservativeness, the life style of HaNoi is not so exciting as it in Ho Chi Minh. Most of people enjoy their lives with family or in a small cafes without much noises. They lead a life in a less quiet and less exciting way than those in the South. From times, they have changed but the tradition have much influence on their changes. The people in the North prefer saving money to spending it. Whenever earning money, their habit of putting money in savings becomes too popular. Unlike the people in the South, overspending is usually avoided. Due to low personally income, when taking any service, they put too much concern on the price. The price may limit their spending on entertainment. This challenge Hard Rock Cafe should take in consideration. The price of real estate in HaNoi is evaluated too high eventhough comparing to Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, LondonLocation plays as vital factor of determining the success of one business, especially the business of Hard Rock Cafe in which location is on the top of concern, research and investment. It is estimated that about 50% operating expenses belongs to location investment. The price of location in destination cities like HaNoi causes headache for investors. This challenge is facing Hard Rock Cafe for a long period as real estate market in HaNoi will be hotter and hotter when the economy recovers, when the finance activities flow strongly and smoothly. From 2010, VietNam Food Administration focuses on the Safety goods. VietNam Food Administration gives Regulations for evaluating the quality of food. Firstly, the main product of Hard Rock Cafe is food and the food quality needs to meet international standards and vietnamese standards. The problem may arise if those standards are defined in different ways and evaluated based on different criteria. Secondly, for suppliers of Hard Rock Cafe in Viet Nam and in the world, what adjustment can be made not to violate the Regulations of VietNam Food Administration. Some suppliers may meet the requirements and adapt to the changes. Some may not meet the requirements and change their own kind of business or stop doing business. There will be a shortage of suppliers, which results in price increase. This challenge sometimes cause problems in quality management. Doing business means searching and capturing opportunities timely. Besides it, facing challenges and overcoming them plays as motivating factor for growth and success. It is so important for us to take business opportunities in developing markets. HaNoi attracts investment due to its development, its undiscovered potential, especially in service and entertainment industry. If I were one of marketing managers taking the task of opening a new Hard Rock Cafe HaNoi, I would recommend one idea as follows. Based on the theory of Differing Marketing Tasks. Even if globally sold product varities are similar, the marketing task can vary geographically quoted in Page 285 Competitive Strategy 1998 by Michael E.Porter, I would carry out one promotional campaign called Love Rock Shop Rock. Why do not I build a connection music network of High schools, Universities and Rock lover clubs in HaNoi? A greeting card valued one souvernir or one small gift of Rock Shop should be presented to the youth in HaNoi before the coming of Hard Rock Cafe. By this way, I would send one message to the youth, encourage them to change their consumer behaviors and excite themselves with Rock, shopping and gift. HaNoi is looking forward to welcoming a high energy of Hard Rock Cafe for tourists, the youth, rock lovers and for the people who have not know Hard Rock yet.

Bike Helmets :: essays research papers

Arizona needs a law requiring adult bicycle riders to wear a helmet! Have you ever known somebody who was injured in a car accident? What do you think his attitude about seat belts was after they saved his life? If you knew that a seat belt would save your life, you would buckle up! It took years of legislation and public awareness campaigns to make seat belt use mandatory. Now a new topic regarding public safety is coming to light: people are dying or becoming seriously injured in seemingly minor accidents on bicycles when the rider's head strikes the concrete. When the head is unprotected "the brain continues to move in a forward motion while the skull stops moving" (Macyko1), causing trauma. What is needed is a way to protect the brain "by absorbing the energy from the impact, buying extra time for the brain to slow down" (Macyko1). Bicycle riders need to wear helmets to protect their brains from injury, yet unfortunately the public is simply not aware of this need and many people will continue to die or be seriously injure d unless something is done. Bicycle helmets save lives and should be required by Arizona State law for riders of all ages. Opponents feel that bicycle helmet laws are too strict and are misdirected. Principally, they feel that helmet laws do not prevent accidents and point out the fact that "motor vehicles are involved in 90-92% of bicyclist deaths" (BHSI/Compendium 4). Creating awareness among drivers by lowering their speeds would create a safer cycling environment. Furthermore, opponents of helmet laws believe that "requiring motorists to wear helmets will save more lives" (Convissor 1) since statistics show the likelihood of fatality while riding in passenger cars is nearly double that of bicycling (Bicycle 15). They are also concerned for the overall popularity of their sport when helmet laws go into effect. After helmet laws went into effect in Australia, "surveys in Sydney found the helmet law reduced cycling by 38%" (Convissor, 1). Another issue is the argument that helmets are inconvenient and uncomfortable. The opponents of helmet laws seem to have a good argument. Helmet use cannot prevent an accident and Department of Transportation statistics indicate seventy five percent of bicycle related deaths are in collisions with motor vehicles (American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons 2), which implies the real problem is with automobile drivers causing accidents with bikes.

The Dutch in Japan Essay -- History

â€Å"The Red Haired Barbarians:† The Dutch in Japan The success of Dutch merchants in Japan illustrates the uniqueness of the Dutch Republic amongst the 17th century European countries. Not only would the Dutch come to dominate trade in Asia, in Japan they would demonstrate a practicality that would enable them to be the singular Western force present in a country that would severely isolate itself from any foreign intrusion. The V.O.C. could indeed be a ruthless cartel in securing trade from its competition and in dealing with indigenous populations around the world, as in the case of slavery where human beings were reduced to mere commodities to be bought and sold. Yet, the relationship between early Dutch traders, the V.O.C., and the Japanese people delineates an entrepreneurial and cultural adeptness that was beyond that of their European contemporaries and competitors in the 17th century. It was the Portuguese, rather than the Dutch, were the first Europeans to begin a relationship with the people of Japan. The Portuguese arrived in 1543 when Japan was a war torn country divided by different warlords. Along with trade, the Portuguese brought Jesuit missionaries who successfully proselytized Christianity if not to a large-scale, which would nonetheless be significant to future Japanese rulers. During their time in Japan, the Portuguese would see the rise of the three great shogunal unifiers. The first of these was Oda Nobunaga, who actually supported Christian efforts in order to counter 2 the militant Buddhist domains that resisted his rule. The second unifier, Toyotomi Hideyoshi was much less tolerant of the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries, and subsequently vacillated between policies of tolerance and b... ...to a greatly different culture. That the idea of tolerance was not prevalent for17th century Europeans is demonstrated by the Portuguese experience in Japan, yet somehow the Dutch managed a cultural acumen that was remarkable for this time period. Works Cited â€Å"Dutch and Japanese Relations†. Consulat-General van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden: http://www.oranda-cg.or.jp/english/relations.html, Retrieved 23 July 2007. Sayle, Murray. â€Å"Japan Goes Dutch†. London Review of Books. Vol. 23 No. 7 (5 April 2001). Retrieved 22 July 2007. Totman, Conrad. Tokugawa Ieyasu Shogun: A Biography, Tokyo: Heian International Incorporated. 1983. Yonemura, Ann. â€Å"Yokohama – Prints from Nineteenth Century Japan†. Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. Smithsonian Institution. Washington, D.C. artelino.com/. Articles/dutch.Nagasaki. Retrieved 23 July 2007. NIAS_User Page 8 10/3/07.

Sharing the Blame in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay examples -- Macbeth e

Sharing the Blame in Macbeth    The great Shakespearean tragedy Macbeth is a tale about a Scottish Thane, Macbeth, who, seemingly according to a prophecy of witches, becomes Thane of Cawdor, and King. And because Macbeth has gained his throne through deceit and treacherous ways, he loses it. The blame for the downfall of Macbeth lies with Macbeth himself, Lady Macbeth and the witches. Enter the first act, second scene. We see good King Duncan and his Thanes, talk about the outcome of a war well won. All the men seem to praise good Macbeth. A first impression is made that Macbeth is a good man, not a treacherous one. "For brave Macbeth - well he deserves that name -" 1:2, 16 He receives the praise of his peers, and is well respected. What could turn a man like this to villainous ways? Only his own ambition, his own pride could have drawn him down the whole dark path. But something, or someone, must have egged him on. "FIRST WITCH All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! SECOND WITCH All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! THIRD WITCH All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!" 1:3, 57-59 Here we receive the prophecy of the Three Witches. Hailing Macbeth Thane of Glamis is nothing new. Macbeth is already Thane of Glamis. Macbeth has not yet heard of the treachery of the Thane of Cawdor, how he betrayed the Scottish folk (as stated earlier in the Act), and thus does not expect to be hailed Thane of Cawdor. Hailing Macbeth as king, is a totally different thing. How could he be king? They already had one, to speak of him replacing the king was to commit the highest treason in the kingdom. And yet the witches spoke the prophecy. At first Macbeth does not b... ...hcock, 1987. Curry, Walter. Shakespeare s Philosophical Patterns. London: Mass Peter   Smith, 1968. Epstein, Norrie, The Friendly Shakepeare, New York, Viking Publishing, 1993. Harbage, Alfred, Macbeth, Middlesex England, Penguin Publishing, 1956. Magill, Masterplots- Volume 6, New Jersey, Salem Press, 1949. Schlegel, August Wilhelm.   Criticism on Shakespeare s Tragedies . A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. London: AMS Press, Inc., 1965.  Ã‚   Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Staunten, Howard, The Complet Illustrated Shakespeare, New York, Park Lane Publishing, 1979.   T.W. Shakespeare, the Critical Heritage. Vol. 5. London: Routledge & Kegan  Ã‚   Paul, 1979.  Ã‚   Wills, Gary. Witches & Jesuits. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Impacts of a Borderless Society

| A Borderless Society| Impacts of a borderless society| | Courtney BrownSC300 – Big Ideas in Science: From Methods to MutationKaplan University| 3/12/2013| | When it comes to time of the day to sit down and eat a meal, there a couple of different things that I think of when I try to decide what to eat. The first thing is how hungry am I? The second thing is what kind of food do I want; chicken, steak, a sandwich? The last thing I think of is how long it will take me for me to cook the meal. However, the thing I never think of is where does the food I’m eating come from?I’m going to analyze one meal that I have eaten today, a cheeseburger and potato salad. When my family makes potato salad, it normally consists of potatoes, onions, and bacon. Potatoes are the leading vegetable crop in the United States, contributing about 15% of farm sales (Jerardo, 2012). Over 50% of potato sales fare to processor for French fries, chips and other potato products (Jerardo, 2012) . Western states such as Idaho, Washington, and Colorado produce two-thirds of fall potatoes with Idaho and Washington accounting for over half of the United States total (Jerardo, 2012).Potatoes are usually grouped within two categories, fresh and processing. Processing potatoes then get broken down into, frozen (French fries), chips, dehydrated or canned (Jerardo, 2012). We always use the fresh potatoes when making the salad. United States farmers plant approximately 125,000 acres of onions each year and produce about 6. 2 billion pounds a year (National Onion Association, 2011). The top 3 producing states of onions are Washington (22,828 acres), Idaho-Eastern Oregon (21,000 acres) and California (17,850 acres) (National Onion Association, 2011).Approximately 170 countries grow onions for their own domestic use, however many are involved in international trade (National Onion Association, 2011). The top leading countries for onion production are China, India, United States, Turkey and Pakistan; they count for 8% of global onion production (National Onion Association, 2011). After researching, I believe that the only way to get onions is having them fresh in the produce section of your grocery store. Bacon is most likely my most beloved part of the potato salad. Who doesn’t love bacon, right?The two main methods of curing bacon are pumping and dry curing. Pumped bacon has curing ingredients that are injected directly into the meat to speed up the curing process and add bulk (US Department of Agriculture, 2011). Dry cured bacon has a premeasured amount of cure mixture applied or rubbed on the bacon surface. This curing phase takes up to 2 weeks to complete (US Department of Agriculture, 2011). They also produce organic and natural bacon (US Department of Agriculture, 2011). Iowa, carrying 29% of the United States market share (Perman, 2012).The burger can be made so many different ways from the toppings that go on it to what it is made out of. The meat of the burger can be made out of ground beef, chuck, and sirloin and so on. We purchase our beef from Wal-Mart stores but cannot find on where they retain their meat from. The biggest benefit of having this type of food market would have to be competition. In today’s world no matter what you do; you always seem to be in competition with somebody. If a person is in high school they are competing to get the best grades, if you are at your job you may be competing for a promotion.In the food market today, everybody is always looking for the best price and with so many different sources to get your supplies; every company is going to be looking to get your business. In return if people use their product for a decant amount of money and they are satisfied, they are going to tell someone about it then they will possibly gain another customer. One of this disadvantages of having a market like this is that because there are so many different sources for people to use, companies can f orget the consumer.Some companies maybe think that because they are selling their products for less money, that they can cut corners and not use the best supplies to make their products. This might tempt the consumer to go to another company and pay a little more but they will have a better product coming out of it. We are getting into a time where people are starting to pay attention more to how much they are spending, what they are getting out of spending that money and if it’s even worth paying for it.People everywhere are starting to either grow their own food or are starting to look for locally grown food so they know nothing is going to harm them; which the phrase â€Å"Think Globally, Act Locally† comes into play. This phrase is basically trying to convey that we need to start thinking about what we put into this world and how we take care of it. Although trading and selling goods with other countries is a good thing, staying local will cut down on pollution in the air. These days it is getting tough with the prices of everything rising so staying locally will also benefit the farmers in the area.Before this assignment I never really thought of the impact that my choices of where I bought my food can make. Even if just one more a person a day chose to buy something locally, I believe that they can make a huge difference globally. I live in a small town that doesn’t have many grocery stores that sell locally grown food. We do however have a farmer’s market that comes to town for about two months between September and November; so when that time comes everyone takes advantage.Unfortunately any other time of the year, we have to resort to going to Wal-Mart or target. I do believe that locally grown food is the way to go; there are so many benefits of it like being healthier for you and healthier for the environment and you know that the local farmers did not use any chemicals. I think that if one person everyday decided to buy l ocally than we can make the earth healthier. References Jerardo, A. (2012). Vegetables & pulses: Potatoes. Retrieved from http://www. ers. usda. ov/topics/crops/vegetables-pulses/potatoes. aspx National Onion Association. (2011). All about onions. Retrieved from http://www. onions usa. org/all-about-onions/where-how-onions-are-grown US Department of Agriculture. (2011). Bacon and food safety. Retrieved from http://www. fsis. usda. gov/factsheets/Bacon_and_Food_Safety/index. asp Perman, C. (2012). Bacon tourism: From the Davos of bacon to bacon mecca. Retrieved from http://www. cnbc. com/id/47537540/Bacon_Tourism_From_the_Davos_of_Bacon_to_Bacon_Mecca

The factory system took little account of the needs of workers – How far do you agree with this statement?

On the whole I bothot with this state manpowert. roughly m nauseous owners did not maneuver into the account the necessarily of their workers. However, in that location were around exceptions, sir Titus salt for example. To begin with I shall ol pulverization modality at the milling machinery system in general and the appalling living and on the job(p) conditions it imposed on its workers.In the factory townsfolks dramaticss were squeezed into the centres of towns or around the factories. Landlords crammed as m whatever people into theatres as they could. The water tote up was another problem. Sewage and rubbish was left(p) in the backyard, piled up in the highroad or thrown into open drains, which ran megabucks the roads. Even where in that respect were drains and sewage pipes, they comm al one ran into the local rivers where people collected their water.Most factory owners built the house rapidly which made them not safe and likewise built them closely to gether glamour meant distempers, people having to share toilets which caused quaggy water. race had to buy fresh water from carts and flush people.Sixty thousand of the population had no running water except from surface and rain water(From the commercial directory of Leeds 1834)The dirty water caused covers of disease such as cholera. Cholera was a disease that arrived from the continent. It could kill a person really quickly. People unless used to foot up to 19 on an average payable to disease.The reason for this was that people worked at least(prenominal) 9 hours a day and only had four hours sleep. Most people were withal tired to eat after they came base of operations from work. Most people only got paying(a) fifteen shillings, which is equal to fifteen pence per week. If they cherished to work over time they only got a further three pence. to a greater extent than people went to live in the towns so that they could find work in the factories. sooner this they had worked in their homes. Factory sustenance was rattling different.Children were often beaten black and sacrilegious with a strap or kicked in the ribs. If you got injured. For example lost your finger in a machine you wouldnt pass water got any wages. Girls who had long pilus often had their hair chopped off as a punishment for bad work. The power tower would of would of made a atrocious hurly burly this causing harm/ear acre for the factory workers most of the time they was nothing to furlough the workers from breathing in the dust from the machines. My eldest. The sprocket wheel caught her finger and screwed it off below the knuckle joint(Samuel Coulson, Father of two girls, giving license to the committee 1832)The factory owners only give their workers very little amount of cash or even none at all when they were off due to sickness, they may have even lost there jobs and became paupers. Those people who were fit were made to go to the workhouse often famil ies were separated. The food was poor and they had to where a uniform.There were 129 steam factories in Bradford and Bradford had rick the world centre of the worsted industry. worst is a fine fleecelen fabric used to make womens dresses and mens suits. The town often attracted tens of thousands of migrants mainly young men and women who wanted to work in the mills, they came from all over the British Isles. The town was otiose to cope with them. No one took accountability for a long time. There were fantastic problems of drunkenness, violence and crime. The contaminant of the atmosphere in Bradford was dreadful. When the magistrates tested to introduce the workhouse system to Bradford in 1836 they had to flee to Leeds as the mob tried to take control of the town.This map learns that there was only a little built up area in Bradford rough 1800But in 1879 they where much more houses built more closely together and more people were living in them.The rapid growth of populat ion caused terrible problems because there were no rules or regulations approximately building houses.Here I let in a source from the Bradford Observer June fifth 1845.Thompsons buildings this locality is situate on an renown at the foot of which runs a noisome beck, or stream, impregnated with the refuse of dye houses, manufactories, and dwellings straightaway to it. The streets are narrow and filthy, and the general locating of the dwellings unfavourable to health. The inhabitants uniformly complain of ill health. In 12 cases taken on rotation, the figures showed that the dwellings are inhabited by ninety-five persons, having only twenty four slams, or eight to one bedroom, the average coat of which is seventeen feet by fifteen. topic 7 Family 9 , populate and beds 2, house workers 5. event 8 Same tote ups of family, beds, and rooms as last house workers 4. berth 9 Family 6 rooms and beds 2, house workers 4.Case 10 Family 10, rooms and beds 2 house workers 5.Case 11 Fami ly 7 rooms 2 bed 1 house workers 4.Case 12 Family 11 rooms 3 beds 2, house workers 5.Case 13 Family 8 rooms, beds, and workers 2 females, charcoal.Case 14 Family 12, rooms 2, beds 3, workers 4 females 2 coals.Case 15 Family 7 rooms and beds 2 workers 4 female 1.Case 16 Family 10 rooms 2, beds 3 workers 4.Case 18 Family 4 room and bed workers 2 female 1.This meant that they would be more pollution they would be more sewage in the streets, which would attract rats and other vermin.The pollution was so bad that the canal was called malodor RIVER. A survey in 1845 revealed that between 8 and 12 people lived in two rooms on average. This, along with poor sanitation, badly built (jerry built) houses caused the life expectation in Bradford to be the net in Yorkshire only 20 years of age.They were exceptions though my prime(prenominal) example is Robert Owen 1771 1858. amidst the years 1815 to 1820 they was distress and a lot of unemployment. Parliaments were Luke warm ab start the ne w idea, just now the setting up of colonisations of co-operation remained the basic intention of socialists and the co-operative effort up to the middle of the 19th centaury. One of the most dramatic events in Robert Owens life was the forming of the Grand National unite Trades Union in 1834. Though the settlements were a failure, the co-operative movements inspired Robert Owen, spread rapidly through with(predicate) Britain between 1826 and 1835, when some two vitamin C and fifty Co-operative societies were formed. They set up stores for the sale of high quality goods at presumable prices and formed producers co-operatives to help the unemployed. It was the co-operative retail shop, which gave the movement its greatest success.Here I include the map of Robert Owens successful mill, New Lanark.Owen gave socialism all its basic ideas. He lay the foundations of the co-operative movement and left his mark on trade unionism. He was a groundbreaker in a factory improve and p rogressive education, and few men have played such a elephantine part in social reform. straight I go on to whole tone at my second example, Sir Titus salt.Sir Titus Salt was innate(p) at Morley in 1803. He first worked for his father as a wool merchant. He later set up his own spinning plant in Bradford in 1834. By this time he had married Caroline Whitlon, The daughter of a rich Lincolnshire sheep farmer.He first carried out a social survey among his workers to make what size house they inevitable. It had not previously occurred to anyone that a worker with ten children needed more rooms in his house than a worker with one child.Sir Titus Salt chose a site adjoining the Leeds Liverpool canal, the River Aire and the impudently made railway station, So he had ideal transport facilities for his trading. It was a extensive mill, he chose innovative architects, and agreed to their vestige of Italianite style. There was space, light and warmth in his new mill. The location was superb, in a green and pleasant are. The mill unresolved in 1853 on Titus Salts 50th birthday.He then created an entire village of houses, park, school, library, entertainment and a learning institute and an outdoor(prenominal) sport facility. The streets were named after his children and family. He called this village Saltaire.Titus employed a large number of workers in combing, spinning and weaving his cloth. He had business connections throughout Europe and the States and yet For in his making his thousands he never forgot, the thousands who helped him to make themTitus had simple save good education, and would have liked to let a doctor, but could not stand the sight of blood, so that ambition was quashed, although it did show that young Titus was aware of health and disease. His family were Congregationalists, and morality was very influential in their upbringing.On the whole I agree that the factory system took little account of the needs of its workers but there were ex ceptions, sir Titus Salt and Robert Owen were one of these exceptions.