Legal Issues for Nurses

honourable theories serve as a base of knowledge from which to begin when attempting to make an good stopping point.

For nurses to provide the c ar needed for patient ofs with life-threatening disorders, or those in the elderly population who are nearing the end of their lives, it is necessary for tem to be able to see things from the patients' perspective and be able to perceive their decision-making processes so that they can address the physical needs of the patient in the context of their psychological needs. Husted and Husted developed a bio honest decision making model for nurses in 1991, and expanded it in 1995 to perform more of a theory of nursing which is being tested now (Simpko, 1999, 4-5). Husted and Husted named their model the "Symphonological Ethic," and it is based on the record of agreement, accent the strength of the relationship between the nurse and the patient.

Husted and Husted noted sextet bioethical standards in their model: autonomy, freedom, privacy, fidelity, beneficence, and objectivity (Simpko. 1999 6). Autonomy recognizes the uniqueness of each individual, their right to be whatever they want to be, to be treated according to that uniqueness, and their right to take individual action. Freedom embraces the ideals of self-directedness, and demands that zippo be done to the patient without their express consent. It also refers to an agent's (nurse's) power

Bantz, D. L., Wieseke, A. W., & Horowitz, J. (1999). Perspectives of nursing executives regarding ethical-economic issues. Nursing Economics, 17(2): 1.

Ray, M. A. (July, 1998). A phenomenologic study of the interface of caring and technology in ordinary care: Toward a reflexive ethics for clinical practice. holistic Nursing Practice, 69.

In intermediate care units, the needs of the patients and nurses are subordinate to the needs of the physicians and family members. Physicians have legal concerns to contend with, and family members a good deal want the patient kept alive at any(prenominal) cost. Decisions made under these conditions often benefit anyone but the patient.

This built in bed underscores the need for continuing interdisciplinary education, such as the class at Georgetown University (Cloonan, Davis and Burnett, 1999), and the need for nurses to push for interdisciplinary ethics committees in their health care institution (Ramsey, 2000).

Guido, G. W. (2003). In P. S. Yoder, Ed. Leading and Managing in Nursing, tertiary ed. INCOMPLETE REFERENCE GIVEN BY CLIENT: Mosby.

Ethical problem solving by the nurses in this study was unachievable to determine because it was im feasible to even assess the application of underlying bioethical principles (Ray, 1998). The results of this study showed that reflexive ethics encompasses deep value patterns, and because of the nature of the situation, it requires the reconceptualizing of nursing ethics from the ethics of caring to ethical decision-making for opposite parties involved in the situation.

Ramsey, G. (2000). Ethical/legal issues and the nurse manager. Retrieved at:

Another complication forcing nurses into ethical dilemmas is the pressure from HMOs and other healthcare providers to cut costs and save money wherever possible (Bantz, Wieseke and Horowitz, 1999). A recent study of nursing executives indicated several ethical dilemmas among these nurses in their responses to general ideas in cost-cutting and
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