A Comprehensive Study of Urban Gangs & Migration

Jankowski (39) systematically takes apart the apologues of bunch membership. First, he found that children from broken homes argon no more(prenominal) likely to brotherhood a coterie than children from nuclear families. Second, battalion members do not join hoping to find a second-stringer family. Third, the rate of cluster membership among high school dropouts is just slightly higher than the rate among those who finished school. Fourth, individuals usually join a tintinnabulation in their late teens, debunking the myth that younger kids are influenced to join by older gang members. Jankowski then delineates the real reasons for joining a gang: natural incentives, recreation, refuge, and rebellion.

Much like any other organization, gangs attract and advance members based on their ability to deliver services to their members. Jankowski identifies terzetto methods of recruitment: fraternity, obligation, and coercive.

Fraternity recruitment begins with an initial meeting in which prospective members are told about the benefits drugs, parties, and women, to draw a hardly a(prenominal) (Jankowski 48). While the individual checks out the gang, the gang checks out the individual, especially if he is not known to the lead. Prospective gang members are assessed for their courage and commitment, and also scrutinized for any connections to law enforcement so as to keep informants out. Gangs that utilize fraternity recruitment enjoy genuineness within the community and limit

Jankowski (137-177) also differs from conventional thought in his assessment of wherefore gang members commit violent acts. He identifies four factors: fear, ambition, frustration, and interrogation of skills. Outsiders tend to view all violence arising from these groups as "gang-related." Jankowski disagrees, purpose that most violence is generated by individual gang members playacting alone. Collective violence usually occurs at the directive of the leadership and usually to further organizational aims, such as retaliation or defense of territory.

These books offer dramatically different accounts of gang life in America, as might expect from an a posteriori work versus a personal story.

That Shakur's story is often unreconciled with Jankowski's findings does not dilute those findings, for after all, Shakur is only one person's story. that his observations do merit a re-examination of Jankowski's work.

He returned from nine months at a penal farm to find Los Angeles' gangs in transition. The Crips had factionalized, as Shakur's gang sought retaliation against another Crips gang from Inglewood. No more of just Bloods against Crips. Shakur compares the current situation of Crip killing Crip to capital of Lebanon during the Lebanese civil war and to Bosnia in recent years. He claims that in the last 12 years, Crips gather in killed more Crips than the Bloods have in their entire 22-year conflict (Shakur 20). The conflict stems from controversies over drugs. The gang affiliation has been superseded by greed as "everyone wants to be well-heeled and no one wants to go to war" with the Bloods (Shakur 26).

Shakur likens the process for bonny an O.G. in South Central Los Angeles to becoming a do guy in the Sicilian mafia. There are triad steps one must go through to earn this esteemed status. First, the candidate must build his rep, make his take in known in the neighborhood. Second, the potential O.G. must build his name in association with his particular set. Thus, when his nam
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